Ammonia plant licensors

Asia Nitrogen 98, February 22-24, Kuala Lumpur Haldor Topsoe A/S. 1999. Topsoe s Position as Process Licensor for Ammonia Plants. Lyngby Haldor Topsoe. Both the Kaltim and the Profertil plants were scheduled to produce ammonia before the end of 2000. Krupp Uhde believes that the largest ammonia plants of the next generation may have capacities of 2,500-3,000 t/day. 

A large number of licensors are available, and competition has forced licensing companies to optimize and economize the plants. Most ammonia is produced from plants using natural gas as the feed raw material. Energy conservation and environmental control are major concerns. 

Stability problems and performance optimization of TVA-converters are discussed in [480,481,484,485]. A classical account of operating problems in a synthesis unit using TVA-converters is given in [496] which also gives mechanical details on the construction of a TVA-converter. Drawings showing mechanical details of TVA-converters may also be found in [23, 385, 497, 498]. TVA type converters have been used extensively, and may are in operation today. This converter type has been suggested quite recently for installation in new, relatively small plants (up to about 300 MTPD of ammonia) by process licensors such as Tosoe [499] and ICI [500]. 

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