Ammonia nitrogen removed

Ammonia nitrogen, oxidized by -OH, active chlorine and other powerful oxidants, was called indirect electro-oxidation. The most part of wastewater, like dyeing wastewater, landfill leachate, etc., contained many chlorine compounds. Active chlorine played a vital role on ammonia nitrogen removal (Patzer et al. 1990, Czarnetzki Janssen 1992). The reactions of active chlorine and -OH with ammonia nitrogen were also shown in Figure 1. 

The existing form of ammonia nitrogen depended on the pH andNH3 was easily oxidized (Benefield et al. 1982). Kim et al. (2006) found that the ammonia nitrogen removal rate in the case of pH 12 was 5 times that of pH 7 within electrolyse time of 90 min, which indicated that alkaline condition made the electrolysis more efficient than neutral. Wang et al. (2008) observed that the removal... 

Comparison of removal rate at two chloride concentrations of 2500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L in Li s report (2011), it was found that the differences of ammonia nitrogen removal rate within the electrolyse time of 30 min got no change when the electrolyse time prolonged to 60min, which was different from the results by Chen et al. (2007). It was conducted that the cause was the chloride and nitrogen ratio, Cl/N. Cl/N was 2.5 1,7.5 1 and 10 1 in Chen s study, while 11 1, 19 1 and 38 1 in Li report. It was obvious that Cl/N in Li s was higher than in Chen s, and excess chloride didn t... 

Ou, Y. C., Shang, X., Wang, X. Z. Kong, H. N. 2010. Study of ammonia nitrogen removal in swine wastewater by electrochemical oxidation process. Technology of Water Treatment 36(6) 111-1115. (Chinese with English abstract)... 

The compressed synthesis gas is dried, mixed with a recycle stream, and introduced into the synthesis reactor after the recycle compressor. The gas mixture is chilled and liquid ammonia is removed from the secondary separator. The vapor is heated and passed into the ammonia converter. The feed is preheated inside the converter prior to entering the catalyst bed. The reaction occurs at 450-600°C over an iron oxide catalyst. The ammonia synthesis reaction between nitrogen, N2, and hydrogen, Hj, is... 

A suspension of 6 parts by weight of 5-acetylimino-4-methyl-2-benzylmercapto-A -1,3,4-thiadiazoline in 180 parts by volume of 33% aqueous acetic acid was chlorinated at 5°C for 30 minutes. The solid was filtered off, dried, and added portion-wise to 100 parts by volume of liquid ammonia. The ammonia was removed under a stream of dry nitrogen. 

Ergotamine tartrate (lOg) is added to a stirred de aerated (nitrogen stream) solution of 38 g potassium hydroxide in 100 ml of methanol and 200 ml of water. The solution turns pink to red. The solution is heated to reflux and the methanol is slowly removed using a partial takeoff. Methanol is allowed to distill until the pot temperature reaches 90-95° C. The mixture is then maintained at total reflux until the evolution of ammonia ceases (hold pH paper in outlet of reflux condenser to test for ammonia). Nitrogen should be bubbled through the mixture to entrain the ammonia. 

Although the atmosphere is 78% nitrogen gas (N2), it is not available (i.e., able to be used) to plants or animals except after it has been fixed. Thus, the development of the process for making ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen by Haber was extremely important. The first reaction (1) in Figure 1.4 shows the reaction carried out in the Haber process. This reaction is reversible so ammonia is compressed and cooled, and liquid ammonia is removed from the reaction mixture to drive the reaction to the right. 

The surprising answer evolved for Lowry as he discovered that mutarotation ceases when traces of nitrogenous bases such as ammonia are removed from... 

Ammonia can be removed from the equilibrium mixture by cooling because ammonia liquefies at a higher temperature than either nitrogen or hydrogen. What happens to an equilibrium mixture if some ammonia is removed To find out, you need to calculate Qc. 

The formation and excretion of urea is the primary mechanism by which excess nitrogen, in the form of ammonia, is removed from the body. Surprisingly, it was found that the actual rate of urea synthesis exceeded considerably the rate of excretion of the urea. The interesting question, therefore, is what is the fate of this lost urea The answer is that urea enters the large intestine, where it is degraded by microorganisms that possess the enzyme urease, which catalyses the reaction ... 

A 3 1 molar ratio of ammonia and carbon dioxide (excess ammonia) are heated in the autoclave for 2 hr at 190°C, and 1500-3000 psi. The mixture formed is approximately 35% urea, 8% ammonium carbamate, 10% water, and 47% ammonia. It is cooled and the ammonia is distilled at 60 °C. The residue from the ammonia still enters a crystallizer at 15°C. More ammonia is removed by vacuum. The resulting slurry is centrifuged to get solid urea. All excess nitrogenous materials from the liquid are combined and processed into liquid fertilizer, which contains a mixture of all these materials. 

D. The air discharged in the cylinder B is freed from oxygen by the copper and ammonia. The ammonia is removed from the nitrogen by scrubbing the gas from the exit tube with dil. sulphuric acid. W. L. Badger modified the apparatus using also a soln. of ammonia sat. with ammonium chloride. 

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