Tobramycin aminoglycosides

Drug resistance in the defined sense, however, is not always the reason for treatment failures. The formation of biofilms may be as well regarded as a resistance mechanism. Cells within such a film withstand the antibiotic treatment. Some antibiotics (e.g. the aminoglycoside tobramycin) penetrate only slowly into the film. A further explanation is the existence of cells living in a non-growing, protected phenotypic state. 

Vicens, Q. Westhof, E. Crystal structure of a complex between the aminoglycoside tobramycin and an oligonucleotide containing the ribosomal decoding a site. Chem. Biol. 2002, 9, 747-755. 

Like other aminoglycosides, tobramycin is ototoxic and nephrotoxic. Nephrotoxicity of tobramycin may be slightly less than that of gentamicin, but the difference is clinically inconsequential. 

A study assessing the risk factors for nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides (tobramycin and gentamicin) enrolled 1489 patients, 157 of whom developed clinical nephrotoxicity. Of these patients 118 had no immediately identifiable cause (sueh as acute renal failure) and further evaluation of other risk factors found that the concurrent use of amphotericin B significantly increased the risk of nephrotoxicity. ... 

However, a study assessing the risk factors for nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides (tobramycin and gentamicin) enrolled 1489 patients. 

The following antibiotics have been determined the aminoglycoside tobramycin by chromatography on a pellicular anion-exchange resin, post-colunm addition of alkali, and pulsed amperometric detection pseudouridine with S-fluorouridine as an internal standard on a reversed-phase column with post-column periodate oxidation, derivatization with meso-... 

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