Amino functions, functional groups glucuronic acid conjugates

Phase II reactions, usually known as conjugation reactions (e.g. with glucuronic acid, sulphonates (sulphation), glutathione or amino acids), are usually detoxifying in nature, and involve the interactions of the polar functional groups of phase I metabolites. 

Phase 2 reactions (conjugation) are enzymatic syntheses whereby a functional group, such as alcohol, phenol, or amine, is masked by the addition of a new group, such as acetyl, sulfate, glucuronic acid, or certain amino acids, which further increases the polarity of the drug or xenobiotic. Most substances undergo both Phase 1 and Phase 2 reactions sequentially. 

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