Amines catalysts for

Alcohol Amination. There are many similarities in the process technologies for Methods 1 and 2. In both, an alcohol reacts with ammonia over a fixed catalyst bed at elevated temperature. The reaction section consists of feed systems, vapori2ers, and/or preheaters which pass a Hquid or gaseous feed mixture over the catalyst bed in the desired ratio, temperature, and pressure. Possible amination catalysts for each method are as foUows. 

Table 1. Tertiary Amine Catalysts for Flexible Foams...

Amine catalysts for polyurethane appHcations are sold by Air Products (Dabco), Abbott (Polycat), Kao Corporation (Kaolizer), Tosoh Corporation (Toyocat), and Union Carbide (Niax). 

Secondary and Primary Amine Catalysts for Iminium Catalysis... 

Figure 6.5 Structure of a pyridyl amine catalyst for production of ethylene/octene-1 block copolymers, where R is the same or different alkyls. (K Swogger, International Conference on Polyolefins, Society of Plastics Engineers, Houston, TX, February 25-28,2007.)...

In connection with the selection of amine catalysts for the production of polyurethanes, Britain and Gemeinhardt ( 3) compared the catalytic activity of a large number of amines by measuring the gelation times of certain isocyanate-glycol mixtures. Since the conditions of these tests do not allow quantitative conclusions to be drawn, the results are summarized in Table X only for orientation purposes. In these tests tolylene diiso-... 

The technique of measuring maximum heat rise during reaction has been utilized as a measure of catalytic activity. In contrast to many kinetic measurements made in dilute solution, relatively concentrated solutions can be employed which more nearly represent practical foam manufacture. The isocyanate-water and isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction can be studied separately. This has been used extensively under the designation of the Wolfe test (74). The results of these tests demonstrate the very high activity of triethylenediamine for the isocyanate-water reaction. Likewise, this catalyst is the most active amine catalyst for the isocyanate-hydroxyl reaction, although less active than tin compounds. This test can also be used effectively for testing mixtures of catalysts. This is in accord with present commercial practice of using an amine—usually triethylenediamine —and a tin compound to achieve optimum results. 

Balan, D., Adolfsson, H. Chiral quinuclidine-based amine catalysts for the asymmetric one-pot, three-component aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction. Tetrahedron Lett, 2003, 44, 2521-2524. 

Texacat . [Texaco Texaco GmbH] Amines catalysts for polyurethane foammfg. 

Thancat . [Condea Chemie GmbH] Amine catalysts for pblyuietfiane prod. 

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