Amine synergists

Oliver J. (2007) The use of amine synergists for low odor and low migration applications. Radtech Conference. 

There has been much interest in the role and efficiency of amine co-synergists in photoinduced addition polymerisation of acrylic monomers. Several approaches have been undertaken in this regard one of which involves the use of amine synergists... 

Uses Amine synergist promoting surf, curing of UV formulations by acting as a source for hydrogen abstraction by photoinitiators, rec. where film props, are to be maintained... 

Uses Amine synergist, cure enhancer, adhesion promoter in topcoats, varnishes, UV-curable formulations for paper/paperboard, clear overprint varnishes, pigmented systems... 

THIOXANTHONES (CTX, DTX, ITX) Thioxanthones are a subclass of the benzophenone chromophore modified by the presence of a bridging sulfur atom, resulting in a greatly enhanced UV absorption spectra as is shown in Table 4. Like benzophenone, these aromatic ketones require an amine synergist for efficient curing. Fig. 6 shows 3 examples of this class of photoinitiators chlorothioxanthone (CTX),... 

A monofunctional amine synergist which, when used in conjunction with a photosensitizer such as benzophenone, promotes rapid curing luider UV light. Additional benefits include reduced odors both at press side and in the cured film, reduced blooming or migration, and color fading of selective pigments such as reflex blue and rbodamine red. 

Keywords UV-photoinitiators Benzophenone BP 4-methylbenzophenone 4 MBP 4-hydroxybenzophenone 4-OH BP Benzhydrol Amine synergists Michler s ketone 4,4 -bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone MK 4,4 -bis(diethylamino)benzophenone DEAB 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone ... 

Table 6.1 Benzophenone UV-photoinitiators and amine synergists detected in food packaging...

The weight of the evidence from a variety of in vitro and in vivo test indicates a lack of genotoxicity for BP, and no evidence of genotoxicity from micronucleus test for 4-MBP. Additional smdies are needed to clarify the presence of and capacity for genotoxicity of other BP-related chemicals used as amine synergists in print ink (including MK, DEAB, and DMAB) that have been identified in recycled paperboard products. 

As a class of chemicals, BP UV-photoinitiators and amine synergists used in food packaging print inks need to be monitored in the global food supply to identify levels in food packaging and their capacity to migrate to food and beverages. 

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