Amidation intermolecular

One example of a familiar amide is the pain-relieving drug sold as Tylenol (14) we shall see another important example when we consider the polymer known as nylon in Section 19.10. Many amides have N—H bonds that can rake part in hydrogen bonding, and so the intermolecular forces between their molecules are relatively strong. 

The P-N bond in phosphinous amides is essentially a single bond, so the lone pairs on N and P are available for electrophiUc reagents and for donor bonding towards metal atoms. Proton addition to the N atom of HjPNHj has been calculated to loosen the P-N bond, whereas protonation at P renders this bond stronger than in the parent molecule [26]. NH-Phosphinous amides are practically not associated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds [27]. 

Gao JL, Pavelites JJ, Habibollazadeh D (1996) Simulation of liquid amides using a polarizable intermolecular potential function. J Phys Chem 100(7) 2689-2697... 

Xie WS, Pu JZ, MacKerell AD, Gao JL (2007) Development of a polarizable intermolecular potential function (PIPF) for liquid amides and alkanes. J Chem Theory Comput 3(6) 1878-1889... 

The intermolecular coupling of lactams and acyclic amides has also been reported. Reactions of carbamates with aryl halides occurred in the presence of catalysts ligated by P(/-Bu)3.78 Both carbamates and amides coupled with aryl halides in the presence of a catalyst bearing Xantphos.90 In addition, the coupling of lactams with aryl halides has been successful. A combination of Pd(OAc)2 and DPPF first formed A-aryl lactams in good yields from 7-lactams, but the arylation of amides was improved significantly by the use of Xantphos (Equations (20) and (21)).90 91 The reaction of aryl halides with vinyligous amides has also been reported 92... 

The progress of the deprotection and acylation was monitored by recording MALDI-TOF spectra of the crude products. In this particular case, microwave irradiation not only accelerated the palladium(0)-catalyzed deprotection and the ensuing amide formation, but also led to cleaner reactions. Apparently, the microwave heating breaks up any hindrance to the reaction sites such that the intermolecular reaction sites prevail and competing reactions are suppressed [46]. 

The surface shear viscosity of a monolayer is a valuable tool in that it reflects the intermolecular associations within the film at a given thermodynamic state as defined by the surface pressure and average molecular area. These data may be Used in conjunction with II/A isotherms and thermodynamic analyses of equilibrium spreading to determine the phase of a monolayer at a given surface pressure. This has been demonstrated in the shear viscosities of long-chain fatty acids, esters, amides, and amines (Jarvis, 1965). In addition,... 

The effects of temperature and added achiral diluent to C-l5 6,6 -A amide diacids can also be due to differences in intermolecular interactions based on the molecule s configuration. The arguments given above are based on the assumption that the different configurations, the stereochemistry at the chiral... 

In company with manganese porphyrin complex, ruthenium porphyrins have already shown great catalytic activity in the intermolecular amidation of saturated G-H bonds. However, examples of amidation of aromatic... 

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