Ambient air exposure pathway

A relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality and morbidity rates has been reported for many cities throughout the world (Schwela, 2000 Stieb et al., 2002 Glinianaia et al., 2004 Gordon et al., 2004). The relevant contaminants include sulfur dioxide, suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead (Schwela, 2000). Ambient air pollution has been declared an important health problem for developing countries. A considerable burden of disease has been reported for cities such as New Delhi, India (Pande et al., 2002) Santiago, Chile (Ostro et al., 

1999) and Mexico City, Mexico (Borja-Aburto et al., 1998). In 22 developing countries, the World Resources Institute found 180 cities whose air quality did not reach the WHO guidelines (WRI, 2002). 

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