Amanita verna

Amanita verna, another extremely poisonous species. 

DETAILS - The toxicity of certain amanita mush rooms has been well known for centuries. The main toxic species in the United States are Amanita phalloides (Deathcupor Destroying Angel), A. verna, and A. virosa. They contain a mixture of the toxins amanitin, phallpidm, and phalloin. Heat weakens or destroys the toxins, as evidenced by the fact that fresh pressed Amanitajuice is three times more toxic than the boiled juice. There is no antidote for these toxins -treatment is largely symptomatic. The liver is the main target ana is virtually destroyed upon short... 

Contraindications Before harvesting these or any mushrooms for ingestion one should establish positive identification. Several closely related amanita species are extremely toxic. These include A. pantherina, A. virosa, A. verna, and A. phalloides (destroying angel). Large amounts of A. muscaria can also be fatal. Three mushrooms is the absolute maximum recommended. 

Amanita bisporigera, A. phalloides (death cap mushroom), A. ocreata, A. verna, A. virosa (destroying angel mushroom) (Agaricaceae) Amanita phalbides (death cap mushroom) (Agaricaceae)... 

Delayed gastroenteritis and liver failure Amatoxins (See p 273) Amanita phalloldes, A ocreata, A verna, A virosa, A bisporigera, Galerina autumnalis, G marginata, and some Lepiotaan6 Conocybe species. Delayed onset 6-24 h vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, followed by fulminant hepatic failure after 2-3 days. 

Phalotoxins. Together with the amatoxins (see aman-itins) the P. are the toxic principles of the green and white death cups (Amanita phalloides and A. verna). The P. are responsible for the chronic components of death cup poisonings. They are amorphous, water-soluble solids. Seven naturally occurring P. are currently known. 

Mescal bean (Frijolito), Sophora secundiflora Mistletoes, Phoradendron serotinum Monkshood (Wolfsbane), Aconitum columbianum Mushroom (toadstools). Amanita muscaria, Amantia verna, Chlorophyllum molybdites. 

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