Aluminum material inputs

The material inputs and pollution outputs resulting from primary and secondary aluminum processing are presented in Table 3.4. 

Process Materials Inputs/Pollution Outputs for Aluminum ... 

The effect of particle size, and hence dispersion, on the coloring properties of aluminum lake dyes has been studied through quantitative measurement of color in compressed formulations [47], It was found that reduction in the particle size for the input lake material resulted in an increase in color strength, and that particles of submicron size contributed greatly to the observed effects. Analysis of the formulations using the parameters of the 1931 CIE system could only lead to a qualitative estimation of the effects, but use of the 1976 CIEL m v system provided a superior evaluation of the trends. With the latter system, the effects of dispersion on hue, chroma, lightness, and total color differences were quantitatively related to human visual perception. 

Aluminum Beverage cans Deep drawing Textured input material can lead to nonuniform wall thickness in the drawn can, and ears or variations in height that must be trimmed... 

In 1972, The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) announced a large-scale project to develop a commercial electrolytic aluminum chloride process [256], Based on extensive laboratory studies, a demonstration plant (15,000 tons per year) was built and operated for several years. Alcoa used commercial grade low calcined alumina as input material for the chlorination step, where it was reacted with chlorine and carbon to form gaseous A1C13 and C02 and CO. The... 

The work by Bussu and Irving also illustrates hardness differences from the crown surface to the root surface of the friction stir weld (Ref 12). During FSW, heat input and heat extraction are nonuniform through the material thickness. That is, the FSW tool generates heat from both the tool shoulder and the tool probe, but the influence of the shoulder is limited in depth, depending on shoulder design, for example, convex or scrolled, shoulder tilt, and applied axial force. In aluminum alloys, the shoulder influence is typically less than 2 mm (0.08 in.) deep (based on microstructural observations). Thus, more heat will be generated near the crown surface than the root. Further, the root surface is adjacent to an anvil, where heat is... 

Materials suitable for fineblanking are steels (low carbon, unalloyed and alloyed carbon steel, and stainless) and nonferrous metals (aluminum alloys, copper, and copper alloys). The input material selection influences extensively the quality of sheared edges and the tool life. Low-carbon steels are most suitable. Unalloyed steels can be fmeblanked with a carbon content of up to 1% with a spheroidal... 

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