Alternative application regimes

Chemical Treatment Produce treated future trends 

Calcium lactate Calcium chloride Calcium propionate 

C102 combined with ozone, thyme essential oil 

Generated by electrolysis of aqueous NaCl to produce electrolyzed basic solution at cathode and electrolyzed acidic solution at anode 

Fruits and vegetables, as firming agent (strawberries) or to maintain firmness Delicate fruits Fruit with high senescence index (grapefruit) Traditionally vegetables 

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An early study (91) reports that a correlation derived by Barber and Wijn for sieve tray froth-to-spray transition is also applicable to valve trays. A more recent study by Dhulesia (112) disagrees, and reports that valve trays have a stronger tendency to operate in the froth regime than sieve trays. Dhulesia proposed an alternative froth-spray transition correlation for valve trays, but this correlation is based on air-water data from a single type of valve tray, and its extension to other situations has not been tested. 

Especially for multiphase systems flow visualization (Wen-Jei Yang, 1989 Merzkirch, 1987) can provide valuable initial information on the prevailing flow patterns and should at least always be considered as a first step. Of course, in applications that involve extreme conditions such as high temperature and/or pressure it is very difficult if not impossible to apply flow visualization and other techniques should be considered. Here the use of cold flow models which permit visual observation might be considered as an alternative as an important first step to obtain (qualitative) information on the flow regime and associated flow pattern. Of course, multiphase flows exist such as dense gas-solid flows that do not permit visual observation and in such cases the application of idealized flow geometries should be considered. A well-known example in this respect is the application of so-called 2D gas fluidized beds to study gas bubble behavior (Rowe, 1971). 

Bredas et al. studied theoretical TPA properties of the 4-dimethylamino-4 -formylstilbene (DAFS) with the degree of tt bond-order alternation (BOA) by the application of an external field [54]. This work shows two possible strategies to optimize TPA response in stilbenic molecules, as shown in Fig. 5 (1) In the case of TPA resonance in the lowest excited state at oi energy, the D term of Eq. 5 presents the main contribution and ajpA varies in the same way as and Afioi as a function of BOA, with a maximum for an intermediate regime between the neutral Brl and the cyanine Br2 Umits. (2) For a TPA resonance in the specific two-photon state S2, the structure presents huge ajpA values for the cyanine structure near the double resonance at Eoi =. ... 

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