Alpha proteobacteria

The most intimate of the bacterial-nematode associations involves Wolbachia, a genus of rickettsia-like, alpha proteobacteria found in obligate intracellular association with a wide variety of arthropods, and a now well-characterized association with B. malayi and Dirofilaria immitis (Chapter 2). Although not formally identified as Wolbachia, the presence of rickett-sia-like organisms has been observed, principally in the reproductive tracts of Globodera females (Shepherd et al., 1973) and males (Walsh et al., 1983) and in Heterodera larvae (Endo, 1979). 

Taxonomic status of AAB is complex and not well established, as it has been subjected to changes on several occasions in last 40 years. Historically, AAB were mainly classified as Acelobacler (Beijerinck, 1898) and Gluconobacter (Asai, 1935). At present, AAB taxonomically belong to family Acetobacteraceae (Asai, 1968), which is classified under the class alpha proteobacteria. AAB has 15 validated genera, and only two genera Acetobacter and Gluconobacter are reported to be associated with beer spoilage (van Vuuren Priest, 2003). 

Gonzalez, J. M., R. P. Kiene, and M. A. Moran. 1999. Transformation of sulfur compounds by an abundant lineage of marine bacteria in the alpha-subclass of the class Proteobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65 3810-3819. 

Schweitzer, B., I. Huber, R. Amann, W. Ludwig, and M. Simon. 2001. Alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria control the consumption and release of amino acids on lake snow aggregates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67 632-645. 

Bhat, U.R., Carlson, R.W., Busch, M., Mayer, H. Distribution and phylogenetic significance of 27-hydroxy- octacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from bacteria belonging to the alpha-2 subgroup of Proteobacteria. Int J Sys Bacteriol 41 (1991) 213-217. 

CottreU, M. T., Wood, D. N., Yu, L., and Kirchman, D. L. (2000). Selected chitinase genes in cultured and uncultured marine bacteria in the alpha- and gamma-subclasses of the proteobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, 1195—1201. 

Kawasaki H, Hoshino Y, Kuraishi H and Yamasato K (1992) Rhodocista centenaria gen. nov., sp. nov., a cyst-forming anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium and its phylogenetic position in the Proteobacteria alpha group. J Gen Appl... 

Kyukendall, L.D. Genus Bradyrhizobius, family Bradyrhizobiaceae. The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria, The Proteobacteria, Part C, Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Second ed. D.J. Brenner, N.R. Krieg, J.T. Staley, G.M. Garrity, Eds. Springer Verl New York, 2005 2, pp. 438 43, 505-506. 

The results showed a dominance of gamma and epsilon Proteobacteria in the case of LMW but a dominance of alpha, beta, and gamma Proteobacteria in addition to members of the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium/Bacteriodes group in the case of HMW. Konstantinidis et al. [78] used T-RFLP in order to estimate the bacterial diversity in sediments contaminated with heavy metals. Their analysis revealed a conserved community structure over a depth profile of 15 cm. 

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