Alpha partides

Consider the fusion of boron-10 with an alpha partide. The products of the fusion are carbon-13 and a proton. 

Baum EM, Knox HD, MUler TR (2002) Nuclides and isotopes, 16th edn. KAPL, New York Brodzinski RL et al (1987) Nucl Instrum Meth A 254 472 Browne E, Firestone RB, Shirley VS (1986) Table of radioactive isotopes. Wiley, New York Chanda RN, Deal RA (1970) Catalogue of semiconductor alpha-partide spectra, IN-1261. Idaho Nuclear, USAEC... 

Amoudry F, SiUy M (1984) Method of alpha-partide spectrometric analysis applied to the measurement of plutonium, americium and curium. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 35 259... 

Raab W, Parus JL (1994) The measurement of Pu/ Pu and u/ Pu isotopic ratios by alpha-partide spectrometry. Nud Instrum Methods... 

AU nuclei with 84 or more protons are radioactive. Heavy nudei gain stability by a series of nudear disintegrations leading to a stable nucleus. Nuclear transmutations are nuclear reactions that are induced by bombardment of a nucleus by a neutron or accelerated charged partide, such as an alpha partide. 

Solve The n is the abbreviation for a neutron (Jn), and a represents an alpha partide (2He). The neutron is the bombarding particle, and the alpha particle is a product. Therefore, the nuclear equation is... 

Beta Partide This is a negatively charged (-1) particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom and has the mass and charge equal to an electron. They will interact electrically with cells they encounter, but because they have only half the charge of an alpha particle, they are less ionizing and cause less damage. They will travel up to several meters in air and a few millimeters in tissue. They are both an internal and an external threat (can burn the skin) but are easily shielded by thin plastic, glass, aluminum, or wood. 

Ionizing radiation, consisting of x-rays, gamma rays, alpha par-tides, beta particles, and neutron partides, is measured and quantified in units of the radioactivity source and dose (Refs. 1 to 4). The radioactivity measures the strength of a source in terms of events of emission per second. Dose is a measure of the energy that is actually absorbed into matter. 

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