Alpha-globulin protein

Goldsworthy TL, Lyght O, Burnett VL, et al. 1988. Potential role of alpha-2y-globulin, protein droplet accumulation, and cell replication in the renal carcinogenicity of rats exposed to trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and pentachloroethane. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 96 367-379. 

Heparin can be attached to a variety of surfaces by means of complex formation with quaternary ammonium salts. Depending on the method used to attach heparin, the resulting surfaces may or may not release heparin when contacted with blood plasma. The removal of heparin from surfaces by plasma protein fractions was studied and it was found that alpha-globulins removed greater amounts than any other fraction. Heparinized surfaces adsorb proteins when exposed to blood or plasma. However, with the possible exception of thrombin, there is no consistent pattern of protein adsorption which can be related to their nonthrombogenicity. 

Lehman-McKeeman, L. D., and Caudill, D. (1992b). Biochemical basis for mouse resistance to hyaline droplet nephropathy Lack of relevance of the alpha 2u-globulin protein superfamily in this male rat-specific syndrome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 112, 214-221. 

T3, T4, and 1T3 are released from the basement membrane of the follicle and enter the blood, where they are bound to carrier proteins synthesized by the liver. These proteins are alpha-globulins called thyroxine binding globulins (TBGs), transthyretin... 

If fluids are limited, the kidneys set into play a mechanism which conserves water. They secrete renin, an enzyme which initiates the conversion of a bloodborne protein (an alpha-globulin) to angiotension II, a hormonelike substance. The latter substance stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone—a hormone which causes the retention of water and sodium by the kidney and a reduction in the amount of urine volume. 

Lehman-McKeeman L., Caudill D., Rodriguez P. and Eddy C. (1998). 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole is a ligand for mouse urinary protein and rat alpha 2p-globulin physiological and toxicological relevance. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 149, 32-40. 

Cholecalciferol (or Ergocalciferol) is absorbed from the intestinal tract and requires the presence of bile salts, after absorption it is transported to the hver bound to a specific vitamin D-binding protein (alpha-2 globulin). 

Ceruloplasmin, first reported by Holmberg and Laurrell (47), is a copper-alpha-2-globulin. It comprises about 95% of the total copper body pool and is released only when the protein molecule is catabolized. This fraction of copper is in an exchangeable equilibrium with the ionic form the remainder is loosely bound to albumin (48) and to amino acids (49). This last fraction recently has been reported to play a major role in transporting copper in the body. 

Borghoff, S. J., Lehman-McKeeman, L. D., Short, B. G., Hard, G. C., and Swenberg, J. A. (1993). Critique of R. Melnick s An alternative hypothesis on the role of chemically induced protein droplet (alpha 2u-globulin) nephropathy in renal carcinogenesis . Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 18, 357-364. 

Kohn, M. C., and Melnick, R. L. (1999). A physiological model for ligand-induced accumulation of alpha 2u globulin in male rat kidney Roles of protein synthesis and lysosomal degradation in the renal dosimetry of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol. Toxicology 136, 89-105. 

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