Allan toin

Supplement 1955 3634-3793 Sulphonic acids Indigo-disulphonic acid (indigocarmine), 304. Amines, 308. Keto-ammes Pyramidone, 452. Allan-toin, 474. Murexide, 499. Amino-carboxylic acids Histidine, 513. j Hydrazines, 531. Azo compounds, 535. 1... 

Grootveld, M. and Halliwell, B. (1987). Measurement of allan-toin and uric acid in human body fluids. A potential index of free radical reactions in vivo Biochem. J. 243, 803-808. 

Substituted hydantoins, allan-toin, and phenylacetic acid 50 mM aqueous phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with and without 30% (v/v) acetonitrile 10 urn Rutisil ODS-2 313 17 = 0.49 596 490-745... 

Zitnanova I, Korytar P Aruoma Ol, et al. Uric acid and allan-toin levels in Down syndrome antioxidant and oxidative mechanism Clin Chim Acta 2004 341 139-146. 

In humans and many other vertebrates, ammonia arising from deamination reactions or other sources is excreted in the form of urea. These animals are called ureo-telic. Fish excrete nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions and are therefore ammonotelic. Animals that need to conserve water excrete their nitrogen in the form of crystalline uric acid. They are uricotelic, or purinotelic. One often finds animals that convert uric acid to allantoin via uric acid oxidase (Figure 20.8). Allan-toin is more water soluble than uric acid. Uric acid oxidase is absent from primates. 

C4H8N4O4, Mr 176.13, mp. 173°C (decomp.), sinters at 168 °C, needles. A. occurs in numerous plants, especially the Fabaceae. A. is formed in plants and osseous fish through hydrolytic ring opening of "allan-toin by allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5). 

ATLS is potentially a catastrophic complication of chemotherapy in patients with a high tumour load. It results from cytotoxic damage to large numbers of cancerous cells. The DNA and RNA released are broken down to uric acid, which precipitates in the renal tubules causing acute uric acid nephropathy. Recent evidence suggests that recombinant urate oxidase, which converts uric acid to soluble allan-toin, is successful in the treatment and prevention of ATLS in patients with haematological malignancies. 

Weber, J.F., F.A. Fuhrman, G.J. Fuhrman, and H.S. Mosher Isolation of Allan-toin and Adenosine from the Marine Sponge Tethya aurantia. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 70B, 799 (1981). 

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