Alkylating agents mustards

MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents Mustard gas... 

Methoxypsoralen (Methoxsalen) plus ultraviolet A radiation MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents Mustard gas (sulfur mustard)... 

Cradiom, A.R. and J.J. Roberts. 1965. Reactions of cultured mammalian cells of varying radiosensitivity widi die radiomimetic alkylating agent mustard gas.. Prog. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1 320-326. 

Field First Aid Decontaminate At Once for All Exposed Victims Although sulfur mustards cause cellular changes within minutes of contact, the onset of pain and other clinical effects are delayed for one to twenty-four hours. Sulfur mustards are alkylating agents that may cause bone marrow suppression and neurologic and gastrointestinal toxicity. However, the biochemical mechanisms of action are not clearly understood by anyone. The death rate from exposure to sulfur mustard during World War I was 2-3 percent,... 

Alkylating agents were the first drugs to be used to treat highly proliferating cancers. They are mainly of two types the relatively non-specific nitrogen mustards and the even less selective nitrosoureas. 

Alkylating agents Nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide) Busulphan Platinum coordination complexes (cisplatin) Nitrosoureas Crosshnks DNA strands... 

Alkyl halides, alkyl sulfonates and other alkylating agents have also been subject to scmtiny in spheres other than pharmaceuticals, such as in environmental analysis. Various approaches have included two-step SPE, derivatisation with trifluoroacetic anhydride followed by GC/MS (for cyclophosphamide and its analogues in sewage water) SPE on surface water to isolate the antineoplastic agents carmustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and melphalan for LC-UV and LC-fluorescence measurements and derivatisation of alkyl halides and epoxides with 4-nitrothiophenol followed by HPLC-UV detection (claimed to be better than NBP derivatisation). A patent exists for a field test kit for mustard gases in military use based on NBP derivatisation. 

Bis(2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea and related mustard alkylating agents... 

As an alternative approach an adenosine-derived mustard was developed as a PRMT inhibitor by a strategy that was based on the mechanism of the enzyme. This compound is an alkylating agent which is covalently attached to a peptide substrate only upon incubation with PRMTl [80]. It is not very druglike and is more of a chemical tool. 

Toxicology. Nitrogen mustards are vesicants and alkylating agents that damage the respiratory airways and cause skin and eye burns. 

Despite the fact that alkylating agents exhibit a common mechanism of action, their clinical use varies depending on differences in pharmacokinetics, metabolism, hpid solubility, ability to penetrate membranes, and toxicity. They can be classified as nitrogen-containing mustard derivatives (mechorethamine, chlorambucil, melfalan, cyclophosphamide, ifos-famide), derivatives of ethylenimine (thiotepa), nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, strep-tozocin), alkylsulfonates (busulfan), and derivatives of platinum (cwplatin, carboplatin). 

Uracil mustard or uramustine is an alkylating agents that is used in lymphatic malignancies such as non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. Chemically it is a derivative of nitrogen mustard and uracil. It is preferentially taken up in cancer cells that need uracil to make nucleic acids during their rapid cycles of cell division. 

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