Alkyl ligands common groups

The LSR itself consists of a lanthanide ion, commonly europium (Eu3 + ), praseodymium (Pr3+) or ytterbium (Yb3+), and three /1-diketone anions with alkyl or perfluoroalkyl groups Rl and R2 as ligands. Perdeuterated LSRs, which do not give H signals, are commercially available. Incorporation of chiral /J-diketone ligands, mostly derived from substituted camphors, allows chiral recognition. 

In common with other platinum metals, an important area of ruthenium chemistry involves trialkyl- and triarylphosphines, and the corresponding phosphites. An extremely wide range of complexes is known, mainly of the II state, although compounds in the 0, III, and less commonly, IV state are known other ligands commonly associated with the PR3 group are halogens, alkyl and aryl groups, CO, NO, and alkenes as well as H and H2. Similar chemistry is found for osmium. 

However, soluble metal chiral complex catalysts are better, even though ketone hydrogenation under these conditions is more difficult to run than olefin hydrogenation. Notable achievements have been made using Rh and Ru metals. Phosphine ligands are often used, which contain either an asymmetric alkyl group have the phosphorous atom as the asymmetric center, or have an axial element of chirality (atropisomerism) . Other chiral ligands commonly used are derived from amino acids, from L-hydroxyproline and from ferrocene. 

Intermolecular alkynyl ligand transfer of transition metal complexes is more common than the aryl and alkyl ligand transfer. Alkynyl compounds of Cu(I) and Hg(II) transport the ligand to other transition metals, giving various alkynyl transition metal complexes. [Cu(C=CR)] [171], isolated or generated in situ from the reaction of alkyne, Cul, and base, was employed in preparation of a number of alkynyl complexes of group 5-10 transition metals. The alkynyl hgand transfer is depicted schematically in Eq. 5.46 [172-175]. 

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