Alkenes chromium reagents

Arene(tricarbonyl)chromium complexes, 19 Nickel boride, 197 to trans-alkenes Chromium(II) sulfate, 84 of anhydrides to lactones Tetrachlorotris[bis(l,4-diphenyl-phosphine)butane]diruthenium, 288 of aromatic rings Palladium catalysts, 230 Raney nickel, 265 Sodium borohydride-1,3-Dicyano-benzene, 279 of aryl halides to arenes Palladium on carbon, 230 of benzyl ethers to alcohols Palladium catalysts, 230 of carboxylic acids to aldehydes Vilsmeier reagent, 341 of epoxides to alcohols Samarium(II) iodide, 270 Sodium hydride-Sodium /-amyloxide-Nickel(II) chloride, 281 Sodium hydride-Sodium /-amyloxide-Zinc chloride, 281 of esters to alcohols Sodium borohydride, 278 of imines and related compounds Arene(tricarbonyl)chromium complexes, 19... 

Silyl- and stannylalkenes. The addition of a-silyl-" and a-stannylalkyl-chromium reagents to carbonyl compounds leads to the alkenes directly. The reagents are formed in situ from the halides and CrClj. 

A novel one-pot synthesis of ct-nitro ketones from alkenes has been observed 01 with trimethylsilyl nitrate-chromium trioxide or a trimeihylsilyl nitrate-DMSO reagent system fEq. 2.44. ... 

The proposed mechanism includes a reductive epoxide opening, trapping of the intermediate radical by a second equivalent of the chromium(II) reagent, and subsequent (3-elimination of a chromium oxide species to yield the alkene. The highly potent electron-transfer reagent samarium diiodide has also been used for deoxygenations, as shown in Scheme 12.3 [8]. 

The reagent system TMS-azide/triflic acid performs efficient animation57 of arenes, while the combination of TMS-azide and A-bromosuccinimide with Nafion-H transforms alkenes into /J-bromoalkyl azides58. On the other hand, the combination of TMS-azide and chromium trioxide converts alkenes into a-azidoketones59 and aldehydes into acyl azides60. 

Scheme 5. General alkylidenation of esters to enol ethers 9 and synthesis of disubstituted ( )-alkenes 10 from aldehydes and chromium(II) reagents according to Takai and Utimoto.

Examples of the use of chromium(VI) reagents to effect the allylic oxidation of alkenes to give a,3-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are very common in the literature. The reaction was first reported by Treibs and Schmidt for the allylic oxidations of a-pinene to verbenone and verbenol, of dipentene to carvone and caiveol, and of cyclohexene to cyclohexenol and cyclohexenone, using a solution of chromium trioxide in a mixture of acetic anhydride and carbon tetrachloride. However, yields were low and no synthetic use of this observation was made. 

Cyclopropanation reactions of nonheteroatom-stabilized carbenes have also been developed. The most versatile are the cationic iron carbenes that cyclopropanate alkenes with high stereospecificity under very mild reaction conditions. The cyclopropanation reagents are available from a number of iron complexes, for example, (9-alkylation of cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyliron alkyl or acyl complexes using Meerwein salts affords cationic Fischer carbenes. Cationic iron carbene intermediates can also be prepared by reaction of CpFe(CO)2 with aldehydes followed by treatment with TMS-chloride. Chiral intermolecular cyclopropanation using a chiral iron carbene having a complexed chromium tricarbonyl unit is observed (Scheme 61). 

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