Alkene derivatives basic principles

Abstract The basic principles of the oxidative carbonylation reaction together with its synthetic applications are reviewed. In the first section, an overview of oxidative carbonylation is presented, and the general mechanisms followed by different substrates (alkenes, dienes, allenes, alkynes, ketones, ketenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, amines) leading to a variety of carbonyl compounds are discussed. The second section is focused on processes catalyzed by Pdl2-based systems, and on their ability to promote different kind of oxidative carbonylations under mild conditions to afford important carbonyl derivatives with high selectivity and efficiency. In particular, the recent developments towards the one-step synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives are described. 

Depending on the oxidative reaction conditions, besides dicarboxylated products, unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives or in the case of hydroesterification ff-alkoxy esters could be formed [32]. Thus, linear 1-alkenes afford in principle /9-alkoxy esters under neutral oxidative conditions, but under more basic conditions, e.g., sodium butyrate buffer, 1,2-diesters predominate [36]. 

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