Alkanoyl

Such linear free energy relationships are available for alkyl sulphates and for tire C4 to C9 homologues of tire dialkanoyl lecitliins (see table C2.3.3 for stmcture). Most of tire naturally occurring phospholipids are too insoluble to fonn micelles, but tire lower alkanoyl lecitliins, also known as phosphotidylcholines, do fonn micelles. The ernes for tliese homologues are listed in table C2.3.6. The approximately linear free energy relationship between tire alkyl chain iengtli and log cmc is given by ... 

Alkanoyl esters of phloroglucinol, eg, phloroglucinol trisheptanoate, are high temperature-resistant lubricants and high performance fluids (194). An aqueous solution of phloroglucinol (or of several of its simple derivatives) is used as a corrosion-resistant coating on galvanized sheet (195). The alkaU or... 

Alkanoyl chlorides and chloroformates can be treated with potassium fluoride and benzyItriethylammonium chloride to obtain the respective alkanoyl fluorides or fluoroformates [62]. 2-Amino-6-chloro-9-(2,3,5-tri-0-acetyl-P-D-ribofurano-syl)purine is converted to the 2-amino-6-fluoro product with potassium fluoride and trimethylamme in dimethylformamide under rigorously anhydrous conditions [65] (equation 37)... 

In contrast to hydrogen-type ethers, a-haloethers, both linear and cyclic, are relatively easily cleaved by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Bis( 1,1 -difluoroalkyl) ethers are converted to 1,1,1 -trifluoroalkanes and alkanoyl fluorides The cleavage temperature depends on the substituents present ethers having no electronegative substituents other than a-fluorines are readily cleaved below 20 °C, 3-halo-1,1-di fluoroethers require approximately 70 °C, but 2-halo-1,1-difluoroethers are prac tically resistant toward hydrogen fluoride [/I (equation 1)... 

Nickel tetranitrophthalocyanine can be reduced to nickel tetraaminophthalocyanine with tin(II) chloride342 or sodium sulfide.319 343 To achieve better solubility, long alkanoyl side chains can be attached by the reaction of the amino groups with carboxylic acid chlorides.342 Copper(ll) tetranitrophthalocyanine 1 is reduced to the tetraamino compound 2 with sodium suinae." "... 

Alkanoyl-heteroaromaten mit elektronenlieferndem Heterocyclus lassen sich mit Hydriden meist leicht zu Alkyl-heteroaromaten reduzieren. Die Methode wird haupt-sachlich in der Pyrrol- und Indol-Reihe angewendet. Formyl- und Acyl-pyrrole werden analog den entsprechenden Carbonsauren (s.S. 171) und Carbonsaure-estem (s.S. 220) mit Ausnahme der N-alkylierten Derivate bereits mit Lithiumalanat in die Alkyl-pyrrole uberfiihrt9,10 z.B. ... 

Ether formation from alcohol and alkanoyl chloride Wacker-Chemie Bachhuber (1993)... 

Coffee bean lipids include triglycerides, sterols, tocopherols, and diterpenes, all of which are mainly found in the coffee oils. The Np-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides are concentrated in the outer coating of coffee bean wax. 

The most frequently described components of coffee wax are the N0-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides (Figure 16). The range of concentration found on sampling 14 varieties was 401 to 1,099 ppm of the total coffee bean.139 The relative concentrations of three of the four major 5-hydroxytryptamides are 22.5 to 39.9% with arachic, 49 to 68.9% with behenic, and 7.7 to 12% with lignoceric acids.139 The fourth major acid involved is stearic.137 The predominance of Np-behenoyl-5-... 

Folstar, P., Van der Plas, H. C., Pilnik, W., Schols, H. A., Melger, P., Liquid chromatographic analysis of N alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (C-5-HT) in green coffee beans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 27, 12, 1979. (CA90 70640r)... 

Allylic hydroxycrotyl-oligoethylene glyco-n-alkanoyl (HYCRON) linker 25 was applied to the synthesis of protected peptides and glycopep-tides [31]. HYCRON is stable to both acidic and basic conditions and is compatible with Boc- and Fmoc-based chemistry. The preparation of this novel linker is only two steps from commercially available materials. H YCRON linker can be cleaved under neutral conditions using Pd catalyst (Scheme 9). 

Partis, M.D., Griffiths, D.G., Roberts, G.C., and Beechey, R.B. (1983) Cross-linking of protein by w-maleimido alkanoyl N-hydroxysuccinimido esters./. Protein Chem. 2, 263-277. 

R = alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkanoyl, heteroaryl, etc. 

Ethyl 3-oxoalkanoates when not commercially available can be prepared by the acylation of tert-butyl ethyl malonate with an appropriate acid chloride by way of the magnesium enolate derivative. Hydrolysis and decarboxylation in acid solution yields the desired 3-oxo esters [59]. 3-Keto esters can also be prepared in excellent yields either from 2-alkanone by condensation with ethyl chloroformate by means of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) [60] or from ethyl hydrogen malonate and alkanoyl chloride usingbutyllithium [61]. Alternatively P-keto esters have also been prepared by the alcoholysis of 5-acylated Mel-drum s acid (2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxane-4,6-dione). The latter are prepared in almost quantitative yield by the condensation of Meldrum s acid either with an appropriate fatty acid in the presence of DCCI and DMAP [62] or with an acid chloride in the presence of pyridine [62] (Scheme 7). 

Prodrugs That Incorporate an Oxygenated Alkanoyl Pro-Moiety... 

New allylic anchors as the HYCRAM (19) (hydroxycrotonylamide) [50] and HY-CRON (21) (hydroxycrotyl-oligoefhylene glycol-n-alkanoyl) [51] linker have been developed, which exhibit excellent properties for the solid-phase synthesis of protected peptides and glycopeptides. A more flexible spacer was inserted in the HY-CRON (21) linker between the anchor and the polymeric support in order to facilitate an efficient access to the Pd(0) complex during the detachment reaction. 

Hydroxycrotyl-oligoethylene glycol-n-alkanoyl High Throughput Screening... 

Bis alkanoyl amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzyl esters Nanoparticulate diagnostic diatrizoxy ester Nanoparticulate diagnostic mixed carbonic anhydrides... 

The reduction of aroyl chlorides take a different course in the presence of Ni(ll) salts. Reaction is best effected in an undivided cell with a nickel anode and a nickel foam cathode with acetonitrile containir tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate as electrolyte. Symmetrical ketones are formed [173], Substimted benzoyl chlorides yield the benzophenone in 47-72% yields. Phenacetylchloride also gives the ketone in good yield but in general, alkanoyl chlorides do not react. 

Alkanoyl peracids, crystal stmcture, 125-6 2-Alkenals, oxidative stress, 613 Alkenes... 

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