Aliphatics cadmium salts

The W2 and v values for LB films prepared from various aliphatic acid cadmium salts having different alkyl-chain lengths (C)6 - C22) were also obtained and the results are shown in Figure 6. All LB films could be transferred with the transfer ratio of 1.0 0.1 in these conditions. The W2 value was constant and independent of the chain length, but the v value decreased with decreasing the chain length. This indicates that the chain length of lipids mainly affects the evaporation speed of water in LB interlayer and has no effect on the amount of the incorporated water. 

Figure 6 Effect of alkyl-chain length of aliphatic acid cadmium salts monolayers, [CH3(CH2) .2COO-]2 Cd, on the amount of incorporated water (W2) and the evaporation speed of the water (v). The broken line is calculated from eq. (3). (surface pressure 30 mN m-i, dipping speed 100 mm min-1, 20 °C, at the 5th dipping cycle).

The tendency for PVC to degrade by the unzipping type of dehydrochlorination is reduced by the presence of heat stabilizers, such as barium and cadmium salts of high-molecular-weight carboxylic acids and epoxidized unsaturated aliphatic esters. The general reaction for cadmium salts is as follows ... 

Fig. 11. Structure model of monomeric and polymerized multilayers of cadmium salts of diacetylene fatty acids. Polymer chains grow within the layer plane, the aliphatic chains are tilted with regard to...

In addition to the three basic types of epoxide types enumerated, the literature contains data on the use of certain other substances containing epoxide rings in the molecules to stabilize polyvinyl chloride. Salts of lead, barium, calcium, cadmium, and aliphatic epoxy acids, with 11-22 carbon atoms in the chain, have been described. It has been shown that in contrast to salts of nonepoxided aliphatic acids, salts of epoxy acids give no synergic effect when they are used together [71]. 

As a rule, not individual salts, but mixtures, which permit an intensification of the effectiveness of the stabilizing action, are used in practice. Such mixtures can contain monotypic stabilizers, for example, mixed or coprecipitated salts of barium, cadmium [200-203], as well as additives of other types of stabilizers that intensify the action of the salts. Oxides of lead, barium, calcium, magnesium, aliphatic acids [204], es-... 

The use of organotitanium compounds as stabilizers of pol3winyl chloride was recommended in the patent [245]. Certain other allqrl-titannates give good indices when used together with calcium, cadmium, barium, tin, and zinc salts of aliphatic acids. 

It is not clear when dithiocarbamates were first prepared, but certainly they have been known for at least 150 years, since as early as 1850 Debus reported the synthesis of dithiocarbamic acids (1). The first synthesis of a transition metal dithiocarbamate complex is also unclear, however, in a seminal paper in 1907, Delepine (2) reported on the synthesis of a range of aliphatic dithiocarbamates and also the salts of di-iTo-butyldithiocarbamate with transition metals including chromium, molybdenum, iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, platinum, cadmium, mercury, silver, and gold. He also noted that while dithiocarbamate salts of the alkali and alkali earth elements were water soluble, those of the transition metals and also the p-block metals and lanthanides were precipitated from water, to give salts soluble in ether and chloroform, and even in some cases, in benzene and carbon disulfide. 

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