Aliphatic alcohols hypochlorite

Both tert-butyl hypochlorite and N-chlorosuccinimide dehydrogenate primary benzylic alcohols to the aldehydes (equation 213), whereas primary aliphatic alcohols are converted into esters of the corresponding acids [709]. Butyl alcohol dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and treated with tert-butyl hypochlorite in the presence of pyridine at 40-45 C gives, after 2 h, a 66% yield of butyl butyrate [709]. 

The formation of foam during the automatic dishwashing cycle is detrimental to the mechanical washing efficiency of the machine. To prevent foaming, LADD products often contain defoamers. The most commonly used hypochlorite-stable defoamers in LADDs are anionic surfactants such as alkyl phosphate esters and ethoxylated esters [41-43] and silicone oils [44], The structures of the first two types are shown in Figure 9.5. Also described in the patent literature is the use of aliphatic alcohols or acids as defoamers [45],... 

Aliphatic alcohols, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligopolysaccharides, aliphatic amines, aminoalcohols, amino sugars, amino acids Hypochlorite, arsenite, hydrazine... 

In the aliphatic series it has been reported49 60 that a number of long-chairi tertiary hypochlorites (illustrated by 3) undergo photodecomposi-tion to give the 5-chloro alcohols (4). It has been suggested that the reaction involves long chains, since the solutions are stable in the dark,... 

This is a black, hydrous mixture of higher oxides of nickel made by treating nickel sulfate in alkaline solution with sodium hypochlorite. In alkaline solution, saturated aliphatic primary alcohols of adequate water-solubility are oxidized to the carboxylic acids (30°, 3-5 hrs.). Benzyl alcohol is oxidized by the alkaline reagent to benzoic acid, but with benzene as solvent and a slight excess of nickel peroxide it is oxidized to benzaldehyde. Allylic alcohols also can be oxidized to aldehydes by this method. 

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