Algins occurrence

W e know of many examples of the effect of impurities of crystallization. In many cases impurities will completely inhibit (2-4) nucleus formation. Reading the literature on this subject impresses one with the frequent occurrence of hydrocolloids as crystal modifiers, particularly where sugar or water is the material being crystallized. The use of gelatin, locust bean gum, or sodium alginate in ice cream is just one example of many practical applications of hydrocolloids in crystal modification. 

Alginates 170,178 Alkali metal ions 206 Alkaline phosphatases 645 active site of 645 occurrence 645 Alkane(s) 382 Alkenes, hydration of 683 Alkyl shift, rearrangements with 527 Alkyl cobalt 867 Alkyl ethers 382 Alkyl cobalamms... 

Fig. 4.—Frequency of Occurrence of Homopolymeric Sequences of D-Mannosyluronic Residues in Alginate from Ascophyllum nodosum. [Key 9, predicted values, based on a statistically random distribution of glycosyluronic residues and O, values determined experimentally.]...

Alginic acid, which yields n-mannuronic acid upon hydrolysis, is a complex polysaccharide obtainable from seaweed and various other marine plants (Chapter XII). It is used in large amounts as a stabilizer by the food industry. Also, owing to its occurrence in Chlorella, the principal algae of potential value in human nutrition, knowledge of the nutritional effects of this material is of interest. Presumably alginic acid is not utilized by humans. 

Modified aldoses, of wide natural occurrence, are the uronic acids. In these molecules the terminal CH2OH group of a hexose has been oxidised to carboxyl. Polysaccharides consisting almost entirely of uronic acid units are pectic acid (D-galacturonic acid) (LXXVIII), the main component of pectin found in plant tissues, and alginic acid (D-mannuronic (LXXIX) and L-guluronic acid (LXXX)) synthesised by the brown algae. For a full description of these acids see Chapter II, p. 73. 

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