Aldosterone biosynthesis

Gomez-Sanchez CE, Zhou MY, Cozza EN, Morita H, Foecking ME, et al. 1997. Aldosterone biosynthesis in the rat brain. Endocrinology 138 3369-3373. 

Williams GH. Aldosterone biosynthesis, regulation, and classical mechanism of action. Heart Fail Rev. 2005 10 7-13. 

Angiotensin II acts directly on the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to stimulate aldosterone biosynthesis. At higher concentrations, angiotensin II also stimulates glucocorticoid biosynthesis. 

Fig. 8. Suggested mechanism for aldosterone biosynthesis. M-Enz represents a postulated metallo-en-zyme (from Ref. 66, with permission).

On the basis of other data, several other pathways for aldosterone biosynthesis... 

P. C. White Disorders of aldosterone biosynthesis and action. New England Journal of Medicine 331, 250 (1994). 

CAH is the result of an inherited cnz.yme defect in corticosteroid bio.synthesis. The adrenals cannot secrete cortisol and electrolyte disturbances may involve severe hyponalraemia and hyperkalaemia if aldosterone biosynthesis is also affected. If the condition is not diagnosed quickly the afflicted infant may die. 

Viger, A., S. Coustal, S. Perard, A. Piffeteau, and A. Marquet (1989). 18-Substituted progesterone derivatives as inhibitors of aldosterone biosynthesis. J. Steroid Biochem. 33, 119-124. 

Johnston, J.O., C.L. Wright, R.A. Bohnke, and P.R. Kastner (1991). Inhibition of aldosterone biosynthesis in primates by 18-acetylenic deoxycorticosterone. Endocrinology 128 (Suppl. Abstract 24). 

S. Ulick, D.H. Morton, Y. Naiki et al. (1993). Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans Inactivation of the P-450C18 gene (CYPl 1B2) due to nucleotide deletion in CMO I deficient patients. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190, 864-869. 

Cumow KM, Tusie-Luna M, Paseoe L, Natarajan R, Gu J, Nadler JL, White PC (1991) The produet of the CYP11B2 gene is required for aldosterone biosynthesis in the human adrenal cortex. Mol Endoerinol 5 1513-1522... 

On the basis of in vitro studies using adrenal glomer-ulosa tissues two pathways have been proposed for aldosterone biosynthesis. One starts with progesterone as a precursor and involves 11-deoxycorticosterone and possibly 18-hydroxycorticosterone and corticosterone as intermediates and in the other pathway, corticosterone is bypassed, and the 18-hydroxylation precedes the 11-hydroxylations. 

Several compounds related to 32 were described as specific inhibitors of aldosterone biosynthesis vitro without altering deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone levels. 

Inhibition of Aldosterone Biosynthesis Leads to Changes In Permeability of the Kidney... 

Hydroxylation has been studied only in terms of aldosterone biosynthesis. A detailed investigation of precursors of this mineralocorticoid has been conducted and is described in full by Ayres et al. (1960). Corticosterone is transformed somewhat more rapidly than deoxycorticosterone or progesterone (Fig. 18). 18-Hydroxydeoxycorticosterone has been isolated from incubations of rat adrenal sections in the presence of TPNH and oxygen (Peron, 1961). Its further conversion (11/3-hydroxylation) to aldosterone, however, has not been reported. 

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