Lactones alcohols

Volatiles or Aroma. The essential oil, or aroma, of tea provides much of the pleasing flavor and scent of green and black tea beverages. Despite this, volatile components comprise only - 1% of the total mass of the tea leaves and tea infusions. Black tea aroma contains over 300 characterizing compounds, the most important of which are terpenes, terpene alcohols, lactones, ketones, esters, and spiro compounds (30). The mechanisms for the formation of these important tea compounds are not fully understood. The respective chemistries of the aroma constituents of tea have been reviewed... 

Lactols are easily transformed into lactones in TEMPO-mediated oxidations.49 When the oxidation of a diol leads to a hydroxyaldehyde that is able to equilibrate with a hemiacetal, the latter is further oxidized to a lactone.50 Interestingly, as TEMPO-mediated oxidations can be very selective in favouring oxidations of less hindered alcohols, lactone formation from diols can be very regioselective.500... 

Heyns et al. (9) have conducted one of the most extensive studies utilizing glucose that was pyrolyzed at 300°C for four hours or at 500°C for three hours under nitrogen. Approximately 130 compounds were observed. They found that the higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Other compound classes identified included aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, furans and oxygenated furans, alcohols, lactones, volatile and nonvolatile acids, and oligosaccharides. 

The discovery of lithium aluminum hydride and similar compounds has made possible the direct reduction of the carboxyl group. Acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides are similarly reduced to primary alcohols. Lactones are converted to diols." The reaction takes place readily at room temperature. The compound to be reduced is added to an ethereal solution of the reagent, and the resulting alcoholate is hydrolyzed by acid. 

Ceratocystis sp. Banana, pear, peach, plum Alcohols, esters, monoterpene alcohols, lactones... 

N 0 Me 0 From hydroxymethyl polystyrene by treatment with COClj, HjNNHCOjMe and NBS or Cl,.2i Mitsunobu reactions esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols lactones from hydroxy acids A/-aUcylation of phthalimides, a-alkylation of cyanoacetate carbodiimides from thioureas. ... 

Chiraldex G-TA Alcohols, polyols, amines, amino alcohols, lactones, halogenated carboxylic acid esters, furans, pyrans, epoxides, amino acids and glicidyl analogs. 

RuH2(PPh3)4 is used as a dehydrogenation type oxidation catalyst for alcohols and aldehydes [66a,66b]. For example, the esterification of alcohol, lactone formation from diol, N-alkylation of amine with alcohol, and the condensation of aldehyde with alcohol. 

Distinct NMR resonances were first observed for the enantiomers of 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-phenylethanol in the presence of (/ )-phenylethylamine. With (/ )-2-naphthylethylamine the magnitude of the non-equivalence was increased. A systematic study of a series of aryl alcohols in the presence of amines showed a consistent correlation between the sense of non-equivalence and the absolute configuration of the alcohol. From the simple solvation models proposed, the reciprocality of the CSA approach is evident, i.e. if chiral A can be used to assay racemic B then chiral B can be used to assay racemic A. With this in mind 1 -(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (15a) was developed as a CSA for chiral amines. It is also effective with alcohols, lactones, a-amino acid esters, a-hydroxy acid esters and sulphoxides and is the most widely used chiral solvating agent. Other more specific solvating agents have been developed. Kagan has developed A -(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-l-phenylethylamine,forexample, as a CSA specifically for the assay of chiral sulphoxides prepared from sulphides by a modified Sharpless oxidation (section 6.3.2). 

Tetrahydrofuran, butanediol, y-butyrolactone family (family 1 Reduction) Selective reductions controlling the reduction of acids to alcohols, lactones, and furans Operation at mild conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) Catalyst tolerance to inhibitory compounds and catalyst lifetime Solvents, fibers such as lycra... 

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