Alcohol ethoxy sulphates

Linear alkylbenzene sulphonic acid can be made in most types of sulphonation reactor systems and can be stored in the acid form, without serious colour formation. Alcohol sulphates and alcohol ethoxy sulphates can be made without serious colour problems in falling-film sulphonation reactors, provided olefinic impurities are absent, but their colour deteriorates badly... 

Sodium hypochlorite is a more convenient and efficient bleach than hydrogen peroxide. However chlorine-based bleach can suffer from the drawback that potentially biologically active materiaL i.e. sensitisers. may be generated when it is used for bleaching alcohol ethoxy sulphates and aipha-Qiefin. syipbonatss. 

This system is preferably used with alkylate feedstocks because sulphonic acid is a stable product. For those sulphonation plants that produce exclusively alcohol sulphates, alcohol ethoxy sulphates etc. an H2SO4 absorber is recommended. 

As the alcohol ethoxy-sulphate acid is unstable, the product has to be stored and transported in the neutralised form. The "lauryl" ethoxy-sulphates are commercially available in concentrated forms - 60% AM with ethyl alcohol and 70% AM without any addition. The 70% high-active product is a fluid, pumpable material which is made without using viscosity modifiers such as ethanol. 

As the concentration of an anionic surfactant in solution is increased from 20 to 70%, the viscosity of the solution generally increases, but may eventually undergo a sudden decrease. The grades of C12-C15, 2-3 EO alcohol ethoxy-sulphates which are commercially available, are normally in the concentration range of 25-30% AM or 55-70% AM. Between about 30% AM and 55% AM concentration (the exact figures depend on the specific product and the amounts of inorganic salts and free oil present), ethoxy sulphates form a highly viscous "gel" which corresponds to the M (middle) phase (see fig. 47). 

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxy Sulphates (Toiletry Grades) ... 

Steol Series Alcohol and alkyl phenol ethoxy sulphates... 

All types of micro emulsions were obtained in salinity scans with mixtures of Aerosol MA (sodium dihexyl sulphosuccinate) and twin-tailed (Guerbet and Exxon type) alcohol ethoxy and propoxy sulphates for perchloroethylene (PCE), carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and trichloroethylene [59] at 25°C. At lower temperatures, however, stable macro emulsions are formed. Chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and other chlorinated hydrocarbons were found to be too polar for those anionic surfactants. Extremely hydrophilic and temperature-insensitive surfactants are necessary for effective solubilisation of chlorinated hydrocarbons yielding Winsor III systems. N-methyl-N-D-glucalkaneamide surfactants showed good performance for DNAPL solubilisation even at 16°C [56]. 

Moisture in the air gives rise to the formation of sulphuric acid and oleum, leading to corrosion throughout the plant and causing inferior product qu ity, in terms of colour and other undesired by-products (e.g. dioxane in alcohol ethoxy late sulphates) if condensed oleum reaches the reactor. 

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