Air gap membrane distillation

Air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD), in which an air gap is interposed between the membrane and the condensation surface... 

Izquierdo-Gil, M.A., Garcfa-Payo, M.C., and Femandez-Pineda, C. Air gap membrane distillation of sucrose aqueous solutions, J. Membr. Sci., 155, 291, 1999. 

Guilt, C.M. Air gap membrane distillation 2. Model validation and hollow fibre module performance analysis, Sep. Purif. Technol., 43(3), 245, 2005. 

D. Singh and K.K. Sirkar, Desalination by air gap membrane distillation using a two hollow-fiber-set membrane module, J. Membr. Sci. 421M22 (2012) 172-179. 

M.C. Garcia-Payo, M.A. Izquierdo-Gil, C. Femandez-Pineda, Air gap membrane distillation of aqueous alcohol solutions, Journal of Membrane Science 2000, 169(1), 61-80. 

Garaa-Payo M.C., Izquierdo-Gil M.A., Femandez-Pineda C. (2000), Air gap membrane distillation of aqueous alcohol solutions, / Membrane Sci., 169,61-80. 

AGMD air gap membrane distillation DCMD direct contact membrane distillation... 

Figure 6.12 Common configurations used for membrane distillation (a) DCMD.direct contact membrane distillation (b)AGMD, air-gap membrane distillation (c) SGMD,sweep gas membrane distillation and (d)VMD, vacuum membrane distillation (Caputo etal.,2007).

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Hydrophobic Membrane Application for Seawater Desalination with Air Gap Membrane Distillation Process... 

Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) experiments were performed for seawater desalination using prepered hydrophobic membrane. Seawater desalination aims to obtain fresh water with free salt adequate for drinking. In our work seawater treated is collected from SIDI MANSOUR Sea, located at Sfax (Tunisia). Measurements of p>ermeate flux and rejection rates were carried out by AGMD as a function of the temperature. The feed side temperature was thus varied from 75 °C to 95 C, while keeping the cooling system... 

In 2008, Feng and co-workers first demonstrated a PVDF ENM could be used in MD to produce drinking water (NaCl concentration < 280 ppm) from a saline water of NaCl concentration of 6 % by using an air-gap membrane distillation process. The flux rate was comparable to those of commercial MF membranes (5-28 kg/m h) at temperature differences ranging from 25 °C to 83 °C [98]. 

Feng C, Khulbe KC, Matsuura T, Gopal R, Kaur S, Ramakrishna S, Khayet M (2008) Production of drinking water from sahne water by air-gap membrane distillation using polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber membrane. J Membr Sci 311 1-6... 

A stagnant air gap is interposed between the membrane and a condensation surface. In this case, the evaporated volatile molecules cross both the membrane pores and the air gap to finally condense over a cold surface inside the membrane module. This MD configuration is called air gap membrane distillation (AGMD). 

Bouguesha, S., and Dhahbi, M. (2002). Fluized bed crystaUiser and air gap membrane distillation as a solution to geothermal water desahnation. Desalination 152, 237. 

Feng, C.Y, 2009, Development of novel nanofiber membranes for seawater desalination by air-gap membrane distillation, PhD Thesis, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, 2009. 

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