Agrochemical interactions

Kungolog, A. et al., Interactive toxic effects of agrochemicals on aquatic organisms, Water Sci. Technol., 40, 357,1999. 

Saltzman S, Mingelgrin U (1978) Montmorillonite parathion interactions in aqueous suspensions as affected by mode of preparation. In Banin A( ed) Agrochemicals in soils. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg... 

In the following sections, this review will separately consider industrial pharmacological and agrochemical agents (Section 2) followed by active (Section 3) and passive (Section 4) reporter molecules. Active reporter molecules may further be differentiated as those based on physical interaction with a substrate (Section 3.1) or those that undergo a chemical reaction (Section 3.2). 

Hatzios, K. K. and Penner, D. 1985. Interactions of herbicides with other agrochemicals in higher plants. Rev. Weed. Sci. 1, 1-63... 

Hoagland, R. E. 1999. Biochemical interactions of the microbial phytotoxin phosphinothricin and analogs with plants and microbes. In Cutler, H. G. and Cutler, S. J. (Eds.), Biologically Active Natural Products Agrochemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 107-125... 

Chiral compounds are important for the food, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries. Although the optical isomers of each specific compound possess many similar physical properties such as melting and boiling points, solubilities in common solvents, etc., they often show distinctly different physiological properties when applied to biological systems. This difference is due to the different interactions of the optical isomers with the host receptors which are also optically active. 

Mannich bases and derivatives used as pesticides cover three essentially dilTerent fields, namely, insecticides and iasect repcUants, which act against noxious insects fungicides and virucidcs, which arc frequently employed as agrochemicals and herbicides. As in the case of pharmaceuticals, almost all classes of bases arc represented, in some instances as precursors of the active pesticide molecule (Fig. 5, Chap. I). Mannich bases of type X—CH2—N< (X 5 C) arc mainly used (Table 45), probably due to their high reactivity, which makes these derivatives suitable to interact with the metabolic mechanisms of the species to be destroyed. 

An organic chemist is primarily concerned with (a) the synthesis of organic molecules of particular interest to the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries and (b) the way these molecules interact in biological pathways. 

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