Aging and stabilization

Botrytized wines have remarkable aging potential. Most improve with several months to years of in-barrel maturation, followed by many years of in-bottle aging. 

German BA and TBA wines are rarely matured in-barrel, since their low alcohol content increases their risk of refermentation. Storage and treatment in tanks under aseptic conditions and an early bottling is typical, although not universally employed. 

Several botrytized wine specialties, other than Aszu, are also matured in the Tokaj cellars. Traditionally, these were exposed to the air for a short period. Today, this is a characteristic only of dry Szamorodni. During this phase a Saccharomyces film develops spontaneously on the wine s surface. This donates a flor sherry-like character to dry Szamorodni wines (Alkonyi, 2000 Magyar, 2010). The similarity involves only the flor character, since Tokaji Szamorodni never contains added alcohol. Moreover, its acidity and sugar-free extract content is very high and botrytis notes are present in the taste. 

In the older literature this film, which forms on the surface of dry wines only, was misinterpreted as due to the activity of the common cellar mold, Cladosporium cellare (syn. Rhacodium cellare). It was wrongly associated with the maturation of Aszu wines, as well. 

The colonies of this black mold are common on the walls and equipment of Tokaj cellars. C. cellare utilizes only volatile compounds which are present in the airspace of the cellar. Since it cannot tolerate ethanol contents above 2% (v / v), it never grows directly on the surface of wine, either sweet or dry. It has no direct impact on the quality of wine, although it beneficially influences the purity and humidity of the air in the cellar (Dittrich, 1977 Magyar, 2006, 2010). 

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L. Rosik, Ageing and stabilization of elastomers. In J. Pech (Ed.), Synthetic Rubber, SNTL, Praha, Praha (in Czech), 1971, p. 411. 

AS Kuzminskii (ed.), Ageing and Stabilization of Polymers. Moscow Khimiya, 1966 [in Russian]. 

Neiman, M. B., Aging-and Stabilization of Polymers, translated from... 

Neimann MB (Ed), "Aging and Stabilization of Polymers", Consultants Bureau, New York, 1965. 

The works executed under direction of Nikolai Emanuel in the field of ageing and stabilization of polymers have large practical value. He headed this research not only in ICP where more than 10 laboratories (180 scientists) worked on the given subjects, but also in the AS USSR and in the Academies of Union Republics, within the Committee on the Science and Techniques, and in cooperation of Academies of Sciences of the Socialist Countries and the Council of Economic Mutual Aid. 

Special attention Nikolai M. Emanuel paid to the problem of chemical physics of polymer ageing and stabilization. Results obtained at that time were summarized in monograph by N.M. Emanuel and A.L. Buchachenko [1]. 

N.M. Emanuel, A.L. Buchachenko, Chemical physics of polymers ageing and stabilization, Moscow Nauka (1982) (in Russian). 

Emas and Nyqist investigated the aging and stabilization of spray-congealed solid dispersions of carnauba wax. Isothermal microcalorimetry (IM) was... 

Ageing and stabilization of polymers/ZEditor Neiman M.E.. flauka". Moscow (1969)... 

L.M. Postnikov, IN. Smolenskiy, E.V. Viehutinskaya, I S. Lukomskaya, New mechanism of long-wave oxidation of polyamides////en[Pg.162]

E.M. Emanuel Up-to-date state and perspectives of the development in the field of ageing and stabilization of polymers. Vilnius (1980), 3 (in Russian). 

Levantovskaya, Ageing and stabilization of polymides. Ageing stabilization of polymers . Moscow, ""Science (1964), 197 (in Russian). 

A.A. Berlin, S.N. Bass, Collection Ageing and stabilization of polymers jAAoscow, Chemistry (1966) (in Russian). 

A TPR study was performed on the same samples, but after grinding. As shown on Figure 3, there is no significant difference between the three samples, indicating that the poisons are not reduced in the TPR conditions. The TPR profile was attenuated compared to the fresh catalyst, but less than the aged and stabilized sohds. Table 5 gives the quantitative results obtained, as above, from the hydrogen uptakes up to 900 K. 

Studying of processes of ageing and stabilization of polymers is one of the most important and least developed directions of a modem chemical science. Therefore works of complex research on creation of new stabilizers and modifiers get especially big value. 

Neiman,M.B. Aging and stabilization of polymers. Moskba Hayka 1963. 

L. Breschi, A. Mazzoni, A. Ruggeri, M. Cadenaro, R. Lenarda, E. De Stefano Dorigo, Dental adhesion review aging and stability of bonded surfaces. Dent. Mater. 24 (2008) 90-101. 

Denisov E.T., Miscavige N.I., Agabekov V.E..(1975). The mechanism of liquid-phase oxidation of oxygen-containing compounds. Minsk Science and Technology. P. 200.(In Russian) Emanuel N.M., Buchachenko A.L.. (1982). Chemical Physics of aging and stabilization of polymers. Moscow Nauka. P. 360. (In Russian )... 

M. B. Neiman, Aging and Stabilization of Polymers, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1965. S. H. Pinner, Weathering and Degradation of Plastics, Columbine Press, Manchester, 1966. J. Voigt, Die Stabilisierung der Kunststoffe gegen Ucht und Wdrme, Springer, Berlin, 1967. D. V. Rosato and R. T. Schwartz, Environmental Effects on Polymeric Materials, Interscience, New York, 1968. 

At last, it is necessary to specify to one more appreciable achievement in the field of aging and stabilization of PVC in a solution. In real condi-... 

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