Agglomerates, randomly oriented

The first factor is that the agglomerates are not necessarily spherical in shape. A more general representation would be to assume that they are spheroids in shape with fore and aft symmetry. This case was treated in detail by Manas-Zloczower et al. (97). These particles enter the high shear zone in random orientation, and therefore some may rupture and others will pass without rupturing. The fraction of particles that rupture in a given set of condition can be calculated. 

The thin film consisted of large particle agglomerates, and most of the agglomerates were disconnected. XRD measurements revealed (image not shown) an amorphous structure without distinct X-ray reflection peaks. In conclusion the molecules deposited by solution cast methods are randomly oriented on the Si/Ti02 substrate. 

The non-agglomerated whiskers in areas away from the agglomerates tended to be randomly oriented for iteration 4 composites (Figures 2 and 3). However, preferred orientation normal to the casting direction was observed in most composites fabricated under iteration 5 as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. 

When powder particles have thin platelet-like shapes, they will tend to agglomerate, aligning their flat surfaces nearly parallel to one another Figure 3.20, left). As a result, the orientations of platelets are randomized via rotations about a common axis normal to their largest faces, and such samples are expected to have a uniaxial preferred orientation (or texture). 

Another structure for carbons is texture, the ways that the crystallites joined together. Texture is often characterized by the degree of orientation from random to systematic arrangement. If the crystalhte size is small enough and there is no specific orientation, the carbon appears to be amorphous. Texture control cannot change the properties of individual crystalhtes but can alter the properties of the agglomerates of these crystallites like electricity and active surface area The comparative study of mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers with different textures showed that the radical texture is more favorable for Lb intercalation than the concentric texture, but the radical texture is more easily broken into pieces by solvent cointercalated Lb. 

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