Adverse drug reactions development

Educating the Patient and the Family The nurse explains the do sag regimen and possible adverse drug reactions to the patient and family and develops a teaching plan to include die following points. 

ASSESSMENT OF THE HOSPITALIZED PATIENT The hospitalized patient receiving a female hormone requires careful monitoring. The nurse takes the vital signs daily or more often, depending on the patient s physical condition and the reason for drug use. The nurse observes the patient for adverse drug reactions, especially those related to the liver (the development of jaundice) or the cardiovascular system (thromboembolism). The nurse weighs the patient weekly or as ordered by the primary health care provider. The nurse... 

Patients should be monitored for clinical response, development of adverse drug reactions, and potential drug-drug interactions. 

A major challenge to the development of new drugs is the discovery of new therapeutic targets. For example, the phenomenal success of fluoxetine (Prozac ) has been due to the fact that it was the first selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor approved for world market release, combined with its improved adverse drug reaction profile. However, no new classes of antidepressants have emerged in recent years. 

Horne R and Weinman J (1999) Patients beliefs about prescribed medicines and their role in adherence to treatment in chronic physical illness. J Psychosom Res 47(6) 555-567 Kannisto V, Lauritsen J, Thatcher AR et al. (1994) Reductions in mortality at advanced age several decades of evidence from 27 countries. Population and development review 20(4) 793-810 Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN (1998) Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients a meta- analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 279(15) 1200-1205 LeSage J (1991) Polypharmacy in geriatric patients. Nurs Clin North Am 26(2) 273-290 Pitkala KH, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS (2001) Is it possible to reduce polypharmacy in the elderly ... 

Article 102 includes a provision that requires Member States to share information collected through their pharmacovigilance system with other Member States and the EMEA. The central database EudraVigilance has been developed to allow Member States and the EMEA to share information on adverse drug reactions once all Member States have populated it. 

It is an exdting sdentific challenge to develop predictive methods that capture off-target-related adverse drug reactions reliably with a comparatively small number of compounds and at a reduced number of targets to be screened. The perfect scenario of a full data matrix as a starting point was outlined in the first part of this chapter. 

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