Advancing-front model, ELMs

Actinides, in nitric acid waste, 182 Advancing-front model, ELMs, 18,68 Alkali metal cations transport across bulk liquid membranes, 89-92 transport across liquid surfactant membranes, 93-95 transport across polymer-supported liquid, 95-96... 

Hatton and coworkers have also analyzed processes involving ELMs. Using their advancing-front model as a basis, they have studied staged operations (10 1), continuous stirred tank reactors (105), and mixer cascades (106). One interesting aspect of their analysis is the effect of emulsion recycle. They analyzed the effect on extraction rate of recycling used emulsion and combining this with new emulsion. 

The next chapter Is a modeling study of a continuous flow extraction system utilizing ELHs by Reed et al. (107). The authors consider the extraction of a solute which Is trapped In the Inner droplet phase by a chemical reaction. The paper compares predictions of the reversible reaction model of Bunge and Noble (96) to the advancing front model of Ho et al. (90) for a continuous flow ELM extractor. The calculatlonal results show that assuming Irreversible reaction can lead to underdesign of the process under conditions of high solute recovery where the outlet solute concentration Is low. Under these conditions, an exact analytical solution to the reversible reaction model can be obtained. 

Stelmaszek and coworkers have developed models for liquid membranes. Stelmaszek (100) modeled ELM droplets. Gladek et al. (101) modeled ELMs in cocurrent and countercurrent flow processes. Gladek et al. ( ) used an advancing front approach to model ELM extraction. 

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