Advanced Regional Prediction System

SM2-U has been implemented in SUBMESO, a high-resolution atmospheric model developed on the basis of the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) Version 3 (Xue et al., 2000 [660], 2001 [661]) by Dupont 2001 [157] and in MM5 by Dupont et al., 2004 [159]. Its transposition, implementation and test with operational NWP models (e.g., DMI-HIRLAM, LM) and UAQIFSs is part of the EU-project FUMAPEX (Baklanov and Mestayer, 2004 [33]). 

Xue, M K.K. Droegemeier, and Wong, V. (2000) The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) - A multiscale nonhydrostatic atmospheric simulation and prediction tool. Part I Model dynamics and verification, Meteor. Atmos. Physics. 75, 161-193. 

It has been found for some systems, and may be true for all, that there is no transition directly from the isotropic to the nematic phase as the critical condition is attained. Instead, a narrow biphasic region is found in which isotropic and nematic phases co-exist. This behaviour was predicted by Flory 2), even although his initial calculations related to monodisperse polymers. It is accentuated by polydispersity (see Flory s review in Vol. 59 of Advances in Polymer Science), and indeed for a polydisperse polymer the nematic phase is found to contain polymer at a higher concentration and of a higher average molecular weight than the isotropic phase with which it is in equilibrium. 

Scaling approaches to predicting structural dependencies for micelles are useful to reveal power law behavior, but lack the precision with respect to numerical coefficients. The mean-field theory for self-assembly, as discussed above, unravels the general trends for these complex micellar systems, but implements major approximations. In particular, the boxlike model neglects gradients in the local densities in both the core and corona regions. A more advanced nonlocal mean field model... 

In the determinations of g described above, the parameters in the assumed forms of g were all evaluated by use of critical-point data. This maneuver has the shortcoming that we have to use in advance part of the phase equilibrium data to be predicted. A more preferable method is to determine g in the one-phase region of the system as a function of temperature and composition and to extrapolate the result to the region in which phase separation takes place. The necessary experiment has to be done at temperatures below 6, so that it needs skill and care as remarked in Section 2 of Chapter 4. 

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