Advanced electrophoretic separation methodologies

5 Advanced electrophoretic separation methodologies for genomics and proteomics 

The ability to separate nucleic acids and proteins by electrophoresis has enabled great advances in the emerging fields of genomics and proteomics, which have 

This method is a type of zone electrophoresis that allows the separation of molecules on the basis of their acidic and basic residues. Separation of molecules occurs along a gel in which a pH gradient has been established. lEF is popularly used to resolve proteins in a sample where a given protein will move through a gel in the presence of an electrical current, stopping at the pH where the net charge of that protein is zero (its isoelectric point). When the protein reaches its isoelectric point it is focused and visualized as a distinct band. As the isoelectric point is a constant property of a given protein, each protein band can then be identified. Imporfanfly, lEF represenfs fhe primary sfep in fhe powerful 2D gel elecfrophoresis mefhod. 

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List four advanced electrophoretic separation methodologies for genomic and pro-teomic analyses. 

Almost 20 years after the first demonstration of electrophoresis on a microchip ( x-chip) substrate, advances in microfabrication techniques and electrophoretic separation methodologies have resulted in the development of integrated systems offering high-efficiency separations coupled to sophisticated sample handling and detection schemes. The miniaturization of chemical analysis systems employing electrokinetic phenomena is explored in this entry, with particular reference to applications involving three major classes of analytes DNA, proteins, and cells. 

Electric-field-driven transport in media made of hydrophilic polymers with nanometer-size pores is of much current interest for applications in separation processes. Recent advances in the synthesis of novel media, in experimental methods to study electrophoresis, and in theoretical methodology to study electrophoretic transport lead to the possibility for improvement of our understanding of the fundamentals of macromolecular transport in gels and gel-like media and to the development of new materials and applications for electric-field-driven macromolecular transport. Specific conclusions concerning electrodiffusive transport in polymer hydrogels include the following. 

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