Adsorption, vaccine component

Adsorption. The adsorption of the components of a vaccine on to a mineral adjuvant. The mineral adjuvants, or carriers, most often used are aluminium lydroxide, aluminium phosphate and calcium phosphate and their effect is to increase the immunogenieity and decrease the toxicity, local and systemic, of a vaccine. Diphtheria vaccine, tetanus vaccine, diphtheria/tetanus vaccine and diphtheriaAetanus/pertussis vaccine are generally prepared as adsorbed vaccines. 

Anthrax adsorbed vaccine is nottoxoided but relies on the use of cultural conditions that favour production of the protective antigen (binding and internalization factor) rather than the lethal factor (protease) and oedema factor (adenyl cyclase) components of the toxin. Selective adsorption to aluminium hydroxide or phosphate also slows release of residual toxin. 

Table 2 lists various types of biopharmaceutical products from animal cell cultures. Viral vaccines are usually produced by first culturing the host cells (e.g., MRC-5 and WI-38) to form a cell layer on the surface of substratum. Seed virus is then added and incubated for about 3 weeks for replication in the host cells without killing them. After washing to remove the medium components, the cells are lysed to release the virions for harvesting and purification. The inactivated viral vaccine is produced by inactivation with formaldehyde and adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. 

---