Adsorption single-stage operations

Single-Stage Adsorption Contact filtration can be carried out as a single-stage operation (Figure 10.8) either in a batch or a continuous mode. If we assume that the amount of liquid retained with the solid is negligible, the material balance for a solute gives... 

In order to increase the recovery of adsorbate by adsorption, and to reduce the amount of adsorbent required to attain a specific recovery, a multistage adsorption operation can be used. In such an operation (as shown in Figure 11.3), a liquid solution is successively contacted at each stage with the adsorbent. In such a scheme, the relationship given by Equation 11.7 can be applied to each stage, with assumptions similar to the single-stage case, and the concentration ofthe adsorbate in the... 

Operating diagram for single-stage equilibrium adsorption. 

Illustration 7.1 Single-Stage Adsorption The Rectangular Operating Diagram... 

These operations are all similar in that the mixture to be separated is brou t into contact with another insoluble phase, the adsorbent solid, and the unequal distribution of the ori al constituents between the adsorbed phase on the solid surface and the bulk of the fluid then permits a s aration to be made. All the techniques previously found valuable in the contact of insoluble fluids are useful in adsorption. Thus we have batchwise single-stage and continuous multistage separations and separations analogous to countercurrent absorption and stripping in the field of gas-liquid contact and to rectification and extraction with the use of reflux. In addition, the rigidity and immobility of a bed of solid... 

The physical model was proposed to describe the adsorption/desorption processes of the residual gases on the cathode surface. This model takes into account the destruction of the adsorbed layer due to the ion bombardment. The simulation results have a good agreement with the experimental data both on storage and operation stages. Moreover to prove an applicability of proposed model it should be emphasized that a single set of model parameters describe the behavior of the tested cathode under other experimental condition (current density, vacuum level and so on). 

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