Adsorption orientated

Because silver, gold and copper electrodes are easily activated for SERS by roughening by use of reduction-oxidation cycles, SERS has been widely applied in electrochemistry to monitor the adsorption, orientation, and reactions of molecules at those electrodes in-situ. Special cells for SERS spectroelectrochemistry have been manufactured from chemically resistant materials and with a working electrode accessible to the laser radiation. The versatility of such a cell has been demonstrated in electrochemical reactions of corrosive, moisture-sensitive materials such as oxyhalide electrolytes [4.299]. 

Fig. 12.42. Adsorption of 1-octyne-3-of on iron in a flat orientation. (Reprinted from V. Jovancicevic, B. Yang, and J. O M. Bockris, Effects of Chloride on the Adsorption, Orientation, and Polymerization of 1-Oc-tyne-3-of on Iron in Electrochimica Acta 32 1558, copyright 1987, with permission from Elsevier Science.)...

Fig. 4.9. a) Calculated H2 adsorption orientation on a Ni 111 face 3 b) FMO depiction of the electron overlap for this adsorption. 

Dong, P., and Un, Z.H. (2002) SERS smdies of self-adsorbed DNA monolayer -characterization of adsorption orientation of oligonucleotide probes and their hybridized helices on gold substrate. Chemical Physics Letters, 354, 458-465. 

Orientation of the adsorbed surfactant molecules with their hydrophobic groups predominantly away from the solid substrate will make the surface more hydro-phobic than before surfactant adsorption orientation with their hydrophilic groups... 

Bunn, C.W. (1933) Adsorption, oriented overgrowth and mixed crystal formation. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 141, 567-593. 

Karlsson, M. Carlsson, U. Protein adsorption orientation in the light of fluorescent probes mapping of the interaction between site-directly labeled human carboiuc anhydrase n and silica nanoparticles. Biophys. J., 2005, 55(5), 3536 3544. 

Assigning surface bonding and configuration Determining surface species and adsorption orientation Characterizing interfacial stmcture and co-adsoibed species Proposing reaction intermediates and products Correlating to theoretical calculation... 

---