Adrenergic receptor agonist/antagonists

Haws CM, Heinricher MM, Fields HE (1990) Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists, but not antagonists, alter the tail-flick latency when microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla of the lightly anesthetized rat. Brain Res 533 192-195 Hayes RL, Mao J, Price DD, Germane A, D Avella D, Fieri M, Mayer DJ (1992) Pretreatment with gangUosides reduces abnormal nociceptive responses associated with a rodent peripheral neuropathy. Pain 48 391-396... 

Effective agents may include glucocorticoids, anticholineigic agents, leukotriene-receptor antagonists, and P2-adrenergic receptor agonists. Methylxanthines, such as theophylline, are also useful. 

Adrenergic receptor (ADBR2) Antagonists (e.g., albuterol, terbutahne) Bronchodilation, susceptibility to agonist-induced desensitization, cardiovascular effects (e.g., increased heart rate, cardiac index, peripheral vasodilation)... 

Glucagon also is used to facilitate radiographic examination of the upper and lower GI tract in various procedures. The hormone also has been used as a cardiac inotropic agent for the treatment of shock, particularly when prior administration of a /3 adrenergic receptor antagonist has rendered (3 adrenergic receptor agonists ineffective. 

---