Adrenaline biochemical effects

The function of adrenaline is to mobilise all fuels that can be used by muscle to provide ATP to support physical activity in response to stress (i.e. fight or flight response). And to increase sensitivity of regulation of enzymes involved in control of the rate of processes that generate ATP. The biochemical effects in the heart increase cardiac output, in preparation for fight or flight . 

L-Tyrosine metabohsm and catecholamine biosynthesis occur largely in the brain, central nervous tissue, and endocrine system, which have large pools of L-ascorbic acid (128). Catecholamine, a neurotransmitter, is the precursor in the formation of dopamine, which is converted to noradrenaline and adrenaline. The precise role of ascorbic acid has not been completely understood. Ascorbic acid has important biochemical functions with various hydroxylase enzymes in steroid, dmg, andhpid metabohsm. The cytochrome P-450 oxidase catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol to bUe acids and the detoxification process of aromatic dmgs and other xenobiotics, eg, carcinogens, poUutants, and pesticides, in the body (129). The effects of L-ascorbic acid on histamine metabohsm related to scurvy and anaphylactic shock have been investigated (130). Another ceUular reaction involving ascorbic acid is the conversion of folate to tetrahydrofolate. Ascorbic acid has many biochemical functions which affect the immune system of the body (131). 

Gachet C, Cazenave JR Ohlmann R et al. The thienopyridine ticlopidine selectively prevents the inhibitory effects of ADP but not of adrenaline on cAMP levels raised by stimulation of the adenylate cyclase of human platelets by PGEI. Biochem Pharmacol 1990 40 2683-2687. 

Adrenergic mechanisms have a role in the physiological control of plasma potassium concentration. The biochemical pump that shifts potassium into cells is activated by the P -adrenoceptor agonists (adrenaline, salbutamol, isoprenaline) and can cause hypokalaemia. Pj-adrenoceptor antagonists block the effect. 

E.M. Swanton and E.D. Saggerson, Effects of adrenaline on triacylglycerol synthesis and turnover in ventricular myocytes from adult rats, Biochem. J., 1997, 328, 913-922. 

Boylen, j. B. and Quastel, I. H., Effects of L-phenylalanine and sodium phenyl-pyruvate on the formation of adrenaline from L-tyrosine in adrenal medulla in vitro, Biochem. J. 80, 644 (1961). 

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