Administration routes hydrogel

Noninvasive drug delivery may require the administration of the drug delivery system (DDS) at an epithelium as a suitable site of absorption of the active compormd. Such regions are usually called mucosae. In the human body several mucosal sites can be identified, the one mostly used for administration and absorption of therapeutics being the gastrointestinal route. In order to increase the residence time at these absorption sites, a so-called mucoadhesive delivery system has to be used. Generally, these systems consist of one or more types of hydrogels. 

The aim of many of the hydrogels that have been designed for controlled drug release is to have their administration through different routes, for example, oral, nasal, vaginal, subcutaneous, or transdermal. ... 

The oral administration of drugs through hydrogels is one of the routes that has aroused the most interest among researchers, who have tackled this form of administration, mainly through two strategies. 

Chitosan has also been found to be beneficial in formulation development of delivery systems for local or systemic administration of drug through the rectal route. Chitosan microspheres encapsulating diclofenac sodium incorporated in hydrogels have been designed for efficient rectal administration [126]. Quaternized derivative of chitosan. 

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