Dosage administration routes

Drug (generic name) Brand name Formulation pH Solution components after reconstitution (mg/mL) Melting point (°C)/ log P (neutral) Administration routes/dosage... 

Mezei, M. and Gulasekharam, V, Liposomes a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration gel dosage form. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 34,473-74, 1982. 

Mezei, M. and Gulasekharam, V., Liposomes — a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration lotion dosage form. Life ScL, 26, 1473-77, 1980. Fresta, M. and Pughsi, G., Survival rate improvement in a rat ischemia model by long circulating liposomes containing cytidine-51-diphosphate choline. Life ScL, 61, 1227-35, 1997. 

IV route of ac/m/n/sfraf/on- Warfarin injection provides an alternative administration route for patients who cannot receive oral drugs. The IV dosages would be the same as those that would be used orally if the patient could take the drug by the oral route. Administer as a slow bolus injection over 1 to 2 minutes into a peripheral vein. It is not recommended for IM administration. 

Table 3-1 lists the compounds tested, approximate numbers of subjects, routes of administration, and dosages. 

The inactive ingredients are updated quarterly, by the fifth working day of April, July, October, and January. To search for the excipient, one can enter any portion of the name of an excipient, of at least three characters. Search results are displayed alphabetically, sorted first by ingredient, then by the route of administration and dosage form. Routes of administration and dosage forms are derived from current approved labeling. Refer to the IIG query search results column headers for data field definitions. 

Duma RJ, Akers MJ, Turco SJ. Parenteral drug administration routes, precautions, problems, complications, and drug delivery systems. Chapter 2. In Avis KE, Lieberman HA, Lachman L, eds. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Parenteral Medications. 1. New York Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1992. 

Apart from the site and route of administration, formulation, dosage, and duration of treatment, biotransformation is often also affected by several other factors including age, species differences, sex differences, diet, diseases, hormones, and environment. The activity of the liver microsomal enzymes is low in newborns and aging animals resulting in a slower rate of biotransformation. Species differences in dosage and response are often due to biotransformation differences. Inadequate protein intake approaching starvation may also decrease the rate of biotransformation (12). Diseases of the liver sometimes also interfere with the normal biotransformation capacity. In addition, increase in biotransformation may occur at high body temperatures because of an increase in the metabolic rate. 

Table 10.3 Administration routes and dosage forms allowing for local disease treatments.

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