Adiponitrile reactor

Figure 10.4 Reactors used in the conversion of 1,3-butadiene and HCN to adiponitrile. (Courtesy of Du Pont)...

Figure 17.17. Examples of reactors for specific liquid-gas processes, (a) Trickle reactor for synthesis of butinediol 1.5 m dia by 18 m high, (b) Nitrogen oxide absorption in packed columns, (c) Continuous hydrogenation of fats, (d) Stirred tank reactor for batch hydrogenation of fats, (e) Nitrogen oxide absorption in a plate column, (f) A thin film reactor for making dodecylbenzene sulfonate with S03. (g) Stirred tank reactor for the hydrogenation of caprolactam, (h) Tubular reactor for making adiponitrile from adipic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid.

Currently, adiponitrile is the only organic chemical produced in large quantity (108 kg/yr) by an electrochemical route. Other smaller-scale products include gluconic acid, piperidine, and p-aminophenol. Electroorganic syntheses in supercritical organic electrolytes have been demonstrated in bench-scale reactors. Production of dimethyl carbonate from the mixture-critical region was performed. There are at least a dozen electroorganic processes that are... 

Fig. 12.14. Flow diagram for the manufacture of nylon 66 yarn (1) air (2) cyclohexane from petroleum (3) reactor (4) recycle cyclohexane (5) still (6) cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone (7) nitric acid (8) converter (9) adipic acid solution (10) still (11) impurities (12) crystallizer (13) centrifuge (14) impurities (15) adipic acid crystals (16) dryer (17) vaporizer (18) ammonia (19) converter (20) crude adiponitrile (21) still (22) impurities (23) hydrogen (24) converter (25) crude diamine (26) still (27) impurities (28) nylon salt solution (29) reactor (30) stabilizer (31) calandria (32) evaporator (33) excess water (34) autoclave (35) delustrant (36) water sprays (37) casting wheel (38) polymer ribbon (39) grinder (40) polymer flake (41) spinning machine (42) heating cells (43) spinnerette (44) air (45) draw twisting (46) inspection (47) nylon bobbin. (Note Whenever the demand for liquid polymer at a spinnerette is large, as, for example, in the spinning of tire yarn, it is pumped directly from the autoclave.)...

Catalytic tests were run in a pulse reactor, at 400 °C, with a cyclohexane/ oxygen/ammonia feed composition in mol% of 3/6/4 (the balance being He). The main products obtained were adiponitrile (ADN) and benzene, with an overall selectivity of more than 90% (the cyclohexane conversion is not reported). The rates of benzene and ADN formation are plotted in Figure 20.10 as functions of the Sb20s content of catalysts. It is shown that the overall formation of benzene considerably decreased on increasing the amount of Sb in catalysts. The formation of ADN decreased, but the decrease was less pronounced than that of... 

The choice of the right reactor for a given catalytic reaction can often not be answered unambiguously, as shown, for example, by the fact that different technologies compete in the high-pressure hydrogenation of adiponitrile in the presence of ammonia (Table 14-2) [11]. 

---