Acute kidney injury risk factors

In summary, parenteral pentamidine administration for the treatment of PCP can be associated with the development of usually mild, reversible acute kidney injury. Compounding risk factors, of which volume depletion is the most important, are found in the majority of cases of pentamidine nephrotoxicity. There is no convincing evidence that the aerosol route of pentamidine administration for PCP prophylaxis results in nephrotoxicity. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia with renal magnesium wasting, and particularly, hyperkalemia are seen with pentamidine therapy. 

Clinical risk factors for acute kidney injury... 

ATN associated with the administration of radiographic contrast agents is the third leading cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (Waybill and Waybill 2001 Barrett and Parfrey 2006). The incidence rises from < 2% in patients with low risk to 40-50% in high-risk patients such as those with CKD or diabetes meUitus (Waybill and Waybill 2001 Rudnick et al. 2006 Maeder et al. 2004). The risk of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity increases as the number of risk factors increases, and diabetic patients with CKD have the greatest risk (Rudnick et al. 2006 Murphy et al. 2000). 

Wiedermaim CJ. Iatrogenic hypoalbumi-nemia due to hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 a risk factor tor acute kidney injury Anesth Analg 2010 110(4) 1242. 

Rioux JP, Lessard M, De Bortoli B, Roy P, Albert M, Verdant C, Madore F, Troyanov S. Pentastarch 10% (250 kDa/ 0.45) is an independent risk factor of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 2009 37(4) 1293-8. 

Parolari A, Pesce LL, Pacini D, Mazzanti V, SaHs S, SciacoveUi C, et al. Risk factors for perioperative acute kidney injury after adult cardiac surgery role of perioperative management. Ann Thorac Surg 2012 93(2) 584-91. 

Urinary tract Although anaemia certainly increases postoperative acute kidney injury, when the haemoglobin concentration is greater than 8g/dL, transfusion becomes an independent risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury [17 ]. 

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