ACTION INDICATOR RATING

In comparison, the risks of acetonitrile and bisphenol A vary considerably in terms of the overall action indicator rating. Acetonitrile has a limited potential to cause chronic toxicity, whereas evidence indicates that bisphenol A is a reprotoxin and an endocrine disruptor7 bisphenol A may be present in many... 

Cumene has a potent narcotic action characterized by a slow induction period. It is a depressant to the central nervous system. The long duration of its action indicates a possible slow rate of elimination, meaning that cumulative effects must be considered. Cumene is thought to have a greater acute toxicity than either benz or toluene (Ref 4) Cumene is used in org synthesis as a solvent, diluent, and as an additive to aviation gasoline... 

Ratings action indicator or probability indicator Overall rating... 

Qualitative rules are used for determining an overall rating for extent of regulatory action and an overall rating for the probability associated with that extent of action being necessary. The qualitative ratings for the three action indicators or the indicators for the associated probabilities are separately combined using the rules exemplified in Table 5.8. 

A hypothetical example of the application of the methodology follows in Table 5.9. The relevant data from chemical risk assessments and socio-economic analyses are entered into three columns corresponding to hazard, exposure and social mobilisation. For each of the two substances, the first row characterises the relevant scenarios according to the regulatory action indicators from Table 5.7. The second row, which is shaded in grey, then describes the key parameters that influence the probabilities associated with each action indicator. The corresponding ratings for the action indicators and the probability of occurrence indicators are presented in bold italics. 

Indicator rating for extent of regulatory action = medium... 

Table 5.9 Hypothetical example of the priority-rating scheme used to compare two substances - clear cells correspond to regulatory action indicators and shaded cells to probability indicators - ratings are shown in bold italics...

Figure 8-147 indicates minimum values of Fh to initiate acceptable bubbling tray action. Efficiency at this activation or load point might be expected to be low however Myers results indicate good values at this rate. 

Fig. 19.16 Schematic E — I diagrams of local cell action on stainless steel in CUSO4 + H2SO4 solution showing the effect of metallic copper on corrosion rate. C and A are the open-circuit potentials of the local cathodic and anodic areas and / is the corrosion current. The electrode potentials of a platinised-platinum electrode and metallic copper immersed in the same solution as the stainless steel are indicated by arrows, (a) represents the corrosion of stainless steel in CUSO4 -I- H2 SO4, (b) the rate when copper is introduced into the acid, but is not in contact with the steel, and (c) the rate when copper is in contact with the stainless steel...

Substitution therapy with methadone or buprenorphine has been veiy successfiil in terms of harm reduction. Some opiate addicts might also benefit from naltrexone treatment. One idea is that patients should undergo rapid opiate detoxification with naltrexone under anaesthesia, which then allows fiuther naltrexone treatment to reduce the likelihood of relapse. However, the mode of action of rapid opiate detoxification is obscure. Moreover, it can be a dangerous procedure and some studies now indicate that this procedure can induce even more severe and long-lasting withdrawal symptoms as well as no improvement in relapse rates than a regular detoxification and psychosocial relapse prevention program. 

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