Actinomycetes, biosynthesis bacteria

In summary, an overview of the use of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, algae, fungi, and actinomycetes in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles has been described. As can be seen from the above, the use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles is a new and exciting area of research with considerable potential for green development. 

A new dibenzodiazepine alkaloid, diazepinomicin 265, was isolated from the culture of a marine actinomycete of the genus Micromonospora Compound 265 showed modest anti-microbial activity against selected Gram-positive bacteria with MICs of about 32 pg mL". The method of expression the biosynthetic pathway genes in transformed host cells, and the novel polynucleotide sequences and their encoded proteins involved in the biosynthesis of 265 were discussed. Derivatives of 268 were prepared. ... 

There have been significant advances in the understanding and exploitation of the biosynthesis of similar compounds in bacteria, particularly the actinomycetes where combinatorial biosynthesis can be used to manipulate... 

The monocyclic lactams include the nocardicins formed by actinomycetes and monobactams formed mostly by bacteria and possessing antibiotic activities with differing sensitivities to /8-lactamases. For biosynthesis of clavulanic acid see Lit. 

By far the best known complex carbohydrates of prokaryotic cells are those of the bacteria and their biosynthesis is perhaps better understood than that of any other group of glycoconjugates. Much of what is known of bacterial carbohydrates applies equally to those of related groups such as blue-green algae and the actinomycetes and their apparent diversity resolves to a relatively few biosynthetic mechanisms, which are in many ways simpler than those of the eukaryotes. This chapter will deal with little other than the carbohydrates of true bacteria, though it should be remembered that there are other prokaryotes and that some of these may well prove to have very different systems of saccharide synthesis. 

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