Acridine orange binding

The fluorochromes, Calcofluor White and Congo red bind to chitin and cellulose, while acridine orange binds to nucleic acids of the fungi. These dyes may be helpful when there is a lack of fungal elements (blastospores, hyphae or pseudohyphae) in the specimen, as even few elements are visible under the fluorescence microscope. By using specific antibodies conjugated with the fluorochromes, it should be possible to identify specific fungi. 

Figure 9 summarizes the electrode responses toward a variety of DNA-binding substrates [14c]. For intercalators (quinacrine, acridine orange, and safranin) and groove binders (spermine and spermidine), a steep rise followed by a saturation of the concentration response curve is commonly observed. If one compares the specific concentration which gives a 50% response in the increment of the cathodic peak current (A/p ) for each substrate, a selectivity order of quinacrine acridine orange > spermine > spermidine > safranin can be estimated. The binding constants measured in aqueous media for the affinity reaction with ds DNA are as follows quinacrine, 1.5 x 10 (38 mM NaCl)... 

Acridine derivatives, such a proflavine (5) and acridine orange (6) (Scheme 3), are a second class of intercalative DNA guest molecules for which binding dynamics have been extensively studied. 

It has been shown that methylene blue binds to DNA in a manner similar to that of acridine orange, with the intercalated solute being coplanar with the base pairs at low dye/polymer ratios and low ionic strengths [89]. The induced CD data indicated the existence of two origins for the observed chirality. At low ratios of dye/polymer, the CD is... 

Fig. 14 The synthesis of a nuclear targeting complex according to the [2 + 1] principle. The first function for nucleus targeting is acridine orange, the dipicolinic acid may serve for binding the second function. The organometallic complex mediates the coupling of the two biological vectors...

Aminoalkyl anthracene derivatives have already featured prominently in this discussion with regard to their proton responsive fluorescence. Some of these in their protonated form also appear in a fluorescent signalling role in association with macromolecular species which is however unconnected with PET action. These mono- or oligocations bind to polyanions such as DNA and heparin [87, 88]. On one hand, this can lead to excited state association between two sensor cations residing on the same polyanionic strand. Acridine orange with its cationic jr-system also exhibits a related behaviour which has been... 

Fig. 11. The effect of ChE from Experimental and Control animals on the binding of acridine orange. The ChE from the Experimental animals bound less acridine orange than did the ChE from the Control animals. There is competition for binding between acridine orange and neostigmine onto the...

Mileykovskaya, E., Dowhan, W., Birke, R.L., Zheng, D., Lutterodt, L., Haines, T.H. 2001. Cardiolipin binds nonyl acridine orange by aggregating the dye at exposed hydrophobic domains on bilayer surfaces. FEBS Lett. 507 187-190. 

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