Conventional matrix acidizing

After purification, lyophilize the peptide constructs and check their purity on analytical HPLC and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The conventional matrix for peptide mass spectroscopy, a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, appears to work properly for the vaccine constructs. While it is less frequently used in standard peptide chemistry (and thus not detailed here), the size of these multiple peptide antigens allows quality control by SDS-PAGE as shown in Fig. 2. For this purpose we recommend the use of 16.5% precast peptide gels. These gels tend to break easily, so be careful during gel handling. 

Structural analysis of traces of chlorinated fatty acids in biota often requires prior enrichment or cleanup. Analysis of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls can be facilitated by a simple cleanup procedure such as the sulfuric acid treatment or gel permeation chromatography with a single cutoff point to eliminate high molecular weight lipids. Owing to the similarity in chemical and physicochemical properties between analytes (chlorinated fatty acids) and matrix compounds (non-chlorinated fatty acids), conventional cleanup procedures are not applicable for the... 

The method for chloroacetanilide soil metabolites in water determines concentrations of ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) metabolites of alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor in surface water and groundwater samples by direct aqueous injection LC/MS/MS. After injection, compounds are separated by reversed-phase HPLC and introduced into the mass spectrometer with a TurboIonSpray atmospheric pressure ionization (API) interface. Using direct aqueous injection without prior SPE and/or concentration minimizes losses and greatly simplifies the analytical procedure. Standard addition experiments can be used to check for matrix effects. With multiple-reaction monitoring in the negative electrospray ionization mode, LC/MS/MS provides superior specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection (LC/UV), and the need for a confirmatory method is eliminated. In summary,... 

Several original papers must be mentioned that deal with mass spectrometric techniques which the numerous reviews do not comprise. Kaufmann and coworkers268,288 studied the mass spectrometric analysis of carotenoids and some of their fatty acid esters using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and its post-source-decay (PSD) variant. Some advantages concerning the thermal instability and limited solubility were discussed, but the fragmentation paths of the carotenoid cations were found to be essentially the same as those observed with conventional techniques. 

Earlier we found that the addition of alkyl-modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimers to polypropylene leads to fibers which can be dyed in conventional acid or disperse dyeing processes [3]. The alkyl chains make the additive compatible with the polypropylene matrix, while the polar core of the dendrimer can act as a receptor for the dye molecules. This host-guest behavior is analogous to the principle of the dendritic box as described by Meijer et al. [30] and elaborated by Baars et al. for dye extraction processes [31]. 

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