Acid rain industrial smog

Once MNT-enabled solar energy becomes the exclusive energy source, problems such as acid rain and smog should not exist. In addition, future vehicles that are constructed from nano-materials, driven by nano-electromechanical systems and powered by hydrogen fuel cells (see Fig. 7) or solar cells (see Fig. 8) should totally eliminate transportation-related S02 and NOx emission. Therefore, the anthropogenic release of S02 and NOx that has assaulted the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution should be ceased further acidification of the environment and the threat to human health will be relieved [31-33]. 

Nitrogen monoxide is used to produce nitric acid, a widely used industrial compound. Unfortunately, this same gas is also partly responsible for the production of smog and acid rain. Research the amount of nitrogen monoxide produced by an average automobile per hour. 

Nitrogen dioxide is used industrially to produce nitric acid, but it contributes to acid rain and photochemical smog. What volume of nitrogen dioxide is formed at 735 torr and 28.2°C by reacting 4.95 cm of copper (d = 8.95 g/cm ) with 230.0 mL of nitric acid (d = 1.42 g/cm, 68.0% HNO3 by mass) ... 

Air pollution occurs when the concentration of natural and/or man-made substances in the atmosphere becomes excessive and the air becomes toxic. Emissions from transportation, industry, and agriculture are man-made sources of air pollution. Primary pollutants are gases, liquids, and particulates dispersed into the atmosphere through either man-made or natural processes. In the United States, the primary pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter (soot, dust, etc.). Secondary pollutants are derived from primary pollutants that undergo a chemical reaction and become a different type of toxic material. In the United States, secondary pollutants are ozone, photochemical smog, and acid rain. 

An industrial atmosphere is characterized by pollution composed mainly of sulfur compoimds such as sulfur dioxide (SO ), a precursor to acid rain, and nitrogen oxides (NO ), the backbone of smog in modern dties. Sulfur dioxide from burning coal or other fossil fuels is picked up by moisture on dust particles as sulfurous add. This is oxidized by some catalytic process on the dust particles to sulfuric acid, which settles in microscopic droplets and fall as acid rain on exposed surfaces. The result is that contaminants in an industrial atmosphere, plus dew or fog, produce a highly corrosive, wet, acid film on exposed surfaces. 

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