Acid, pyrotartaric succinic

While caoutchouc was first obtained by polymerizing isoprene it has been found that other hydrocarbons containing the buta i-ydi-ene group will likewise yield caoutchouc. Such hydrocarbons have been obtained from several sources, e.g., turpentiney petroleuniy coaly acetylene. Also compounds related to succinic acid, e.g., pyrotartaric acid (methyl succinic acid) are possible of transformation into isoprene. Levulinic acid, which is aceto propionic acid, CHa—CO—CH2—CH2—COOH, yields a cyclic sulphur compound, methyl-thiophen (p. 853), which, like methyl pyrrolidine, yields isoprene. Ethyl alcohol by conversion into acetone and then by aldol condensation with ethane yields 2-methyl buta 2-ene, CHa—C = CH—CHa which may be transformed... 

Oxalic acid—Malonic acid—Succinic acid—Glutaric acid— Pyrotartaric acid—Itaconic acid—Citraconic acid—Mesa-conic acid—Malic acid—Tartaric acid—Bourgoin s deductions—K kul maleic, brom-maleic and fumaric acids.. 25-31... 

Trommsdorff found that mucic acid ( saccholactic acid ), discovered by Scheele (see p. 232), on distillation forms acetic and pyrotartaric acids, and succinic acid sublimes. The solid artificial camphor obtained by Kind, a pharmacist of Eutin(Eutin 16 August 1775-3 January 1837) was investigated by Trommsdorff and Gehlen, who showed that it had many properties of camphor. 

There was a second serious problem with Kekule s reasoning, Crum Brown noted. He reproduced Kekule s own proposed graphic (sausage) formulas for succinic acid and pyrotartaric acid (Kekule himself had not... 

Kekul s succinic and pyrotartaric acid, according to Crum Brown. Source Crum Brown,... 

Simpson, Maxwell. "On the Synthesis of Succinic and Pyrotartaric Acids." Proceedings of the Royal Society 11 (1861) 190-92. 

Table 4. Experimental conditions and weight percent of original organic matter converted to oxalic (Q), succinic (C4), pyrotartaric (C5), glutaric (C5), iso-adipic (Q), adipic (C6), pimelic (C7), suberic (Cg), azelaic (C9), and sebacic (Ciq) acids at maximum generation of total dicarboxylic aliphatic acids...

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