Acid concentrations, inside back cover

To isolate the benzoic acid from the bicarbonate solution, it is acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid in Experiment 1. What volume of acid is needed to neutrcilize the bicarbonate The concentration of hydrochloric acid is expressed in various ways on the inside back cover of this laboratory manual. 

As in weighing operations, there will be situations where you need to accurately know volumes of reagents or samples measured or transferred (accurate measurements), and others in which only approximate measurements are required (rough measurements). If you wish to prepare a standard solution of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, it can t be done by measuring an accurate volume of concentrated acid and diluting to a known volume because the concentration of the commercial acid is not known adequately. Hence, an approximate solution is prepared that is then standardized. We see in the table on the inside back cover that the commercial acid is about 12.4 M. To prepare 1 L of a 0.1 M solution, about 8.1 mL needs to be taken and diluted. It would be a waste of time to measure this (or the water used for dilution) accurately. A 10-mL graduated cylinder or 10-mL measuring pipet will... 

The concentrations of commercially available acids and bases are listed on the inside of the back cover. 

Test Yourself Concentrated nitric acid has a molarity of —15.8 M. How many milliliters should be used to prepare 1.00 L of 1.00 M HNO3 (Answer See inside the back cover of the book. Your answer could be slightly different because of round-off errors.)... 

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